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Harvard-examples
Choose a source you want to see an example of.
The example shows you how to write references in-text and in a reference list. It also shows you which kind of reference to choose when using EndNote.
Norsk versjon: Harvard-eksempler
See also: Academic Writing and Using the Harvard reference style.
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Harvard-examples - toggler
Structure/template
Surname, Initial(s). (Year) Book title in italics. Edition - if available. Place: Publisher.
In a reference list
One author:
Singh, J.P. (2010) Globalized arts: The entertainment economy and cultural identity. Columbia: Columbia University Press.
Many authors:
Dybvig, D.D. and Dybvig, M. (2003) Det tenkende mennesket: filosofi- og vitenskapshistorie med vitenskapsteori. 2nd edn. Trondheim: Tapir akademisk forlag.
In text
One author:
(Singh, 2010, p. 20)
Many authors:
(Dybvig and Dybvig, 2003)
In EndNote
Book: Add as “Book”.
Fill out the fields: Author (use “enter” in between each author if others), Year, Title, Place Published, Publisher.
E-Book: Add as “Electronic Book”.
Fill out the fields: Author (use “enter” in between each author if others), Year, Title, URL.
Structure/template
Surname, Initial(s). (Year) Title of chapter, in Surname of the editor(s), Initial(s) (ed.) Book title in italics. Edition. Place: Publisher, Page.
In a reference list
Carey, J.R. and Zou, S. (2007) Theories of life span and aging, in Timiras, P.S. (ed.) Physiological basis of aging and geriatrics. 4th edn. New York: Informa Healthcare, pp. 55-70.
In text
(Carey and Zou, 2007)
In EndNote
Add as “Book Section”.
Fill out the fields: Author (use “enter” in between each author if others), Year, Title, Editor (use “enter” in between each author if others), Book title, Place published, Publisher, Pages.
Structure/template
Surname of editor, Initial(s). (ed.) (Year) Book title in italics. Edition – if available. Place: Publisher.
In a reference list
Fermann, G. (ed.) (1997) International politics of climate change: key issues and critical actors. Oslo: Scandinavian University Press.
In text
(Fermann, 1997)
In EndNote
Add as “Book Edited book”.
Fill out the fields: Editor (use “enter” in between each author if others), Year, Title, Place published, Publisher.
Structure/template
Surname, Initial(s). (Year) Book title in italics. Translated from the original title by Initial(s). Surname for the translator(s). Edition - if available. Place: Publisher.
In a reference list
Travelbee, J. (2010) Mellemmenneskelige aspekter i sygepleje. Translated by Interpersonal Aspects of Nursing by A. E. Overgaard and A. Schou. 2 ed. København: Munksgaard.
In text
Travelbee, 2010, p. 20)
In EndNote
Book: Add as “Book”.
Fill out the fields: Author (use “enter” in between each author if others), Year, Title, Translator (original title and the name for the translator(s) and a comma), Place Published, Publisher.
E-Book: Add as “Electronic Book”.
Fill out the fields: Author (use “enter” in between each author if others), Year, Title, Translator (original title and the name for the translator(s) and a comma), Place Published, Publisher, URL.
Structure/template
Surname, Initial(s). (Year) Article title, Title of journal in italics, volume(number), page. doi
If the journal article is only available electronically and does not have a doi, write the URL:
Surname, Initial(s). (Year) Article title, Title of journal in italics, volume(number), page. Available at: URL (Accessed: date)
In a reference list
Kwan, I. and Mapstone, J. (2004) Visibility aids for pedestrians and cyclists: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 36(3), pp. 305-312. doi: 10.1016/S0001-4575(03)00008-3
In text
(Kwan and Mapstone, 2004)
In EndNote
Article from a printed journal: Add as “Journal article”.
Article retrieved from the Internet: Add as “Electronic article”.
Fill out the fields: Author (use “enter” in between each author if others), Year, Title, Journal, Volume, Issue, Pages, Doi (or URL if retrieved from the Internet, but preferably DOI).
Structure/template
Surname, Initial(s). (Year of Publication) Title of paper, Title of the conference in italics. Place and date of the conference. Place published: Publisher, Page.
In a reference list
Nørvåg, K. (2003) Space-Efficient Support for Temporal Text Indexing in a Document Archive Context, Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries: 7th European Conference, ECDL 2003. Trondheim, August 17-22, 2003. Berlin: Springer, pp. 511-522.
In text
(Nørvåg, 2003)
In EndNote
Add as “Conference Paper”.
Fill out the fields: Author (use “enter” in between each author if others), Year, Title, Conference Name, Conference Location.
Structure/template
Surname, Initial(s). Year. Title of lecture, Title of the course in italics. Available at: URL (Accessed: date).
In a reference list
Berg, T. 2016. Investeringsanalyse. BØA1100 Bedriftsøkonomi med regnskap. Available at: https://ntnu.blackboard.com (Accessed: 5. april 2016).
In text
(Berg, 2016)
Personal communication
To refer to something that has been said in a lecture (not written in handout or powerpoint) it becomes like other personal communication. You can refer to personal communication in the text. You should include the name and title / role of the professor, date of communication and the context in which the communication took place.
Structure/template
Surname, Initial(s). (Year) Title of article. Title of newspaper in italics, date, page.
In a reference list
Ringen, S. (2004) La ikke Erna Solberg rasere det lokale folkestyre, Aftenposten, March 25, p. 10.
In text
(Ringen, 2004)
In EndNote
Add as “Newspaper article”.
Fill out the fields: Reporter, Year, Title, Newspaper, Pages, Issue date.
Structure/template
Surname, Initial(s). (Year) Title of article. Title of newspaper in italics, date. Available at: URL (Accessed: date).
In a reference list
Ringen, S. (2004) La ikke Erna Solberg rasere det lokale folkestyre, Aftenposten.no. Available at: http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/kronikk/La-ikke-Erna-Solberg-rasere-det-lokale-folkestyre-512300b.html (Accessed: 24 November 2016).
In text
(Ringen, 2004)
In EndNote
Add as “Newspaper article”.
Fill out the fields: Reporter, Year, Title, Newspaper, Pages, Issue date, URL and Access date.
Structure/template
Surname, Initial(s). (Year) Title of dissertation or thesis in italics. Type of dissertation/thesis. Institution.
In a reference list
One author:
Hasund, I.K. (2003) The discourse markers like in English and liksom in Norwegian teenage language : A corpus-based, cross-linguistic study. Dr.art. dissertation, University of Bergen.
Many authors and available online:
Berg, S.R. and Kornstad, H. (2013) Prosjektlederes valg av lederrolle i tverrfaglige prosjekter. Masteroppgave, HiST Handelshøyskolen i Trondheim. Available at: http://hdl.handle.net/11250/148928 (Accessed: 21 November 2016).
In text
One author:
(Hasund, 2003)
Many authors and available online:
(Berg and Kornstad, 2013, p. 34)
In EndNote
Add as “Thesis”.
Fill out the fields: Author (use “enter” in between each author if others), Year, Title, Place Published, University, Thesis Type.
Structure/template
NOU Year: number (Year) Title in italics. Place: Publisher.
In a reference list
NOU 2010: 13 (2010) Arbeid for helse: Sykefravær og utstøting I helse- og omsorgssektoren. Oslo: Departementenes servicesenter, Informasjonsforvaltning.
In text
(NOU 2010: 13)
In EndNote
Add as “Government document”.
Fill out the fields: Author (add the NOU name with a comma at the end to avoid inverting), Year, Title, Place Published, Publisher.
Structure/template
Meld. St. number (session) (Year) Title in italics. Place: Publisher.
St. meld. Number (session) (Year) Title in italics. Place: Publisher.
In a reference list
Meld. St. 29 (2012-2013) (2013) Morgendagens omsorg. Oslo: Helse- og omsorgsdepartementet.
Meld. St. 27 (2015-2016) (2013) Digital agenda for Norge: IKT for en enklere hverdag og økt produktivitet. Oslo: Kommunal- og moderniseringsdepartementet. Available at: https://www.regjeringen.no/no/dokumenter/meld.-st.-27-20152016/id2483795/ (Accessed: 20 October 2016).
St.meld. 30 (2008-2009) (2009) Klima for forskning. Oslo: Kunnskapsdepartementet.
In text
(Meld. St. 29 (2012-2013))
(St.meld. 30 (2008-2009))
In EndNote
Add as “Government document”.
Fill out the fields: Author (add St. meld nr. with a comma at the end to avoid inverting), Year, Title, Place Published, Publisher.
Structure/template
Printed material:
Short title (Year) Title in italics.
Electronic material:
Short title (Year) Main title in italics. Available at: URL (Accessed: date).
In a reference list
Universitets- og høyskoleloven (2005) Lov om universiteter og høyskoler. Available at: https://lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/2005-04-01-15 (Accessed: 21 November 2016).
In text
(Universitets- og høyskoleloven, 2005)
In EndNote
Retrieved from printed sources: Add as “Government document”.
Retrieved from the Internet: Add as “Web page”
Fill out the fields: Author (the law’s short title), Year, Title (the law’s full title), URL (if retrieved from the Internet).
Structure/template
Name of the authorization organization (Year) Number and title of the standard in italics. Available at: URL (Accessed: date).
Example 1: In a reference list
Standard Norge (2002) NS-EN 12216 Solskjerming: terminologi, benevnelser og definisjoner. Available at: https://www.standard.no/no/Nettbutikk/produktkatalogen/Produktpresentasjon/?ProductID=136486 (Accessed: 30. March 2017).
In text
(Standard Norge, 2002)
Example 2: In a reference list
SINTEF Byggforsk (2017) 733.109 Forbedring av lydisolasjonen til eksisterende vinduer. Available at: https://www.byggforsk.no/dokument/3257/forbedring_av_lydisolasjonen_til_eksisterende_vinduer (Accessed: 30. March 2017).
In text:
(SINTEF Byggforsk, 2017)
In EndNote
Add as “Web page”.
Fill out the fields: Author (If institution name, use a comma at the end to avoid inverting), Year, Title, Access Date, Access Year, URL.
Structure/template
Surname, Initial(s). (Year) The title of the rapport in italics. (The title of the series rapport number). Available at: URL (Accessed: date).
In a reference list
Kirkeberg, M. I., Epland, J. and Normann, T. M. (2012) Økonomi og levevilkår for ulike lavinntekstgrupper 2011. (SSB-rapport 08/2012). Oslo: SSB. Available at: http://www.ssb.no/emner/05/01/rapp_okonomi_levekaar/ (Accessed: 28 November 2012).
In text
(Kirkeberg, Epland and Normann, 2012)
In EndNote
From the Internet: Add as “Report".
Fill out the fields: Author, Year, Title, Series Title, Report Number, Place Published, Institution, Access Date, URL
Structure/template
Author (Year) Title in italics. Available at: URL (Accessed: date).
In a reference list
Fugelsnes, E. (2004) Oppvarmet støv kan gi økte helseplager. Available at: http://www.forskning.no/Artikler/2004/mars/1079517069.32 (Accessed 1 April 2004).
In text
(Fuglesnes, 2004, para. 4)
In EndNote
Add as “Web page”
Fill out the fields: Author (use “enter” in between each author if others, write comma at the end if you write the name of an institution to avoid inverting), Year, Title, Access Date, Access year, URL.
Structure/template
Title in italics (Year) Available at: URL (Accessed: date).
In a reference list
Investment scams (2016) Available at: https://www.moneysmart.gov.au/scams/investment-scams (accessed: 20.october 2016)
In text
(Investment scams, 2016)
In EndNote
Add as “Web page”
Fill out the fields: Year, Title, Last Update Date, Access year, URL.
Structure/template
With an identified author:
Surname, Initial(s). (Year) The title of the article, Title of the encyclopedia in italics. Available at: URL (Accessed: date year).
Without an identified author:
Title of the article. (Year of publication) Name of the encyclopedia in italics. Available at: (URL) (Accessed: date year).
In a reference list
With an identified author:
Knudsen, G. (2011) Aksjeselskap, Store Norske Leksikon. Available at: http://snl.no/aksjeselskap (Accessed: 15 November 2012).
Without an identified author:
Bedriftsøkonomi. (2016) Wikipedia. Available at: http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedriftsøkonomi (Accessed: 20 November 2016).
In text
With an identified author:
(Knudsen, 2011)
Without an identified author:
(Bedriftsøkonomi, 2016)
In EndNote
Printed: Add as "Encyclopedia"
Fill out the fields: Author, Year, Title, Editor, Encyclopedia Title, City, Publisher.
With an identified author: Add as “Electronic Book Section”
Fill out the fields: Author, Year, Title, Book Title, URL and Access Date.
Without an identified author: Add as “Web Page”
Fill out the fields: Author (the title of the article), Year, Title (the name of the encyclopedia), URL.
Structure/template
Surname, Initial(s). (Year) Title of the blogpost, Title of the blog in italics, date. Available at: URL (Accessed: date).
In a reference list
Chaffey, P. (2016) Flere kommuner sier ja, Chaffeys blogg, November 24. Available at: https://paulchaffey.blogspot.no/2016/11/flere-kommuner-sier-ja.html (Accessed: 2 December 2016).
In text
(Chaffey, 2016)
In EndNote
Add as “Blog”
Fill out the fields: Author, Year, Title of Entry, Access year, Date, URL.
Structure/template
Surname, Initial (s). (Year) Title of the picture in italics [medium]. Available at museum / gallery etc., city, inventory number.
In a reference list
Tidemand, A. (1845) Norsk juleskikk [watercolor]. Available at the National Museum, visual arts collections, Oslo, NG.K&H.B.04476.
In text
(Tidemand, 1845)
In EndNote
Add as “Artwork”
Fill out the fields: Artist, Year, Title, Description (her legges all info om museum/galleri etc., by, inventarnummer), Type of Work.
Structure/template
Surname, N. (Year) Title of the image in italics [medium]. Available at: URL (Access: date).
Title of the image in italics (Year) [medium]. Available at URL (access: date).
Example 1: In a reference list
Pushwagner, H. (1973-93). Selvportrett [digitized painting]. Available at: http://www.pushwagner.no/galleri/kunst/SELVPORTRETT (Access: 30. March 2017.)
Example 1: In text
(Pushwagner, 1973-93)
Example 2: In a reference list
Nye Moholt 50/50 og gamle Moholt (2017) [digital photography]. Available at: https://arkitektur-n.no/artikler/et-gjennombrudd-for-massivtre (Access: 30. March 2017.)
Example 2: In text
(Nye Moholt 50/50 og gamle Moholt, 2017)
In EndNote
Add as “Artwork”
Fill out the fields: Artist, Year, Title, Description (info about museum / gallery etc., city, inventory number), Type of Work, URL, Access date.
Structure/template
Organization/Surname, Initial (s) (Year) Title in italics. Available at: URL (Accessed: date).
In a reference list
NTNU (2017) The Waterpower laboratory since 1917. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kCYbmg6T2Rg (Accessed: 24 October 2017).
In text
(NTNU, 2017)
In EndNote
Add as “Webpage”
Fill out the fields: Author, Year, Title, Access Date, Access Year, URL.
Examples of a reference list in Harvard style
Examples of a reference list in Harvard style
Bedriftsøkonomi. (2016) Wikipedia. Available at: http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedriftsøkonomi (Accessed: 20 November 2016)
Carey, J.R. and Zou, S. (2007) Theories of life span and aging, in Timiras, P.S. (ed.) Physiological basis of aging and geriatrics. 4th edn. New York: Informa Healthcare, pp. 55-70.
Chaffey, P. (2016) Flere kommuner sier ja, Chaffeys blogg, November 24. Available at: https://paulchaffey.blogspot.no/2016/11/flere-kommuner-sier-ja.html (Accessed: 2 December 2016).
Dybvig, D.D. and Dybvig, M. (2003) Det tenkende mennesket: filosofi- og vitenskapshistorie med vitenskapsteori. 2nd edn. Trondheim: Tapir akademisk forlag.
Fugelsnes, E. (2004) Oppvarmet støv kan gi økte helseplager. Available at: http://www.forskning.no/Artikler/2004/mars/1079517069.32 (Accessed 1 April 2004).
Kirkeberg, M.I., Epland, J. and Normann, T.M. (2012) Økonomi og levevilkår for ulike lavinntekstgrupper 2011. Vol. 2012/08. SSB-rapport. Available at: http://www.ssb.no/emner/05/01/rapp_okonomi_levekaar/ (Accessed: 28 November 2012).
Knudsen, G. (2011) Aksjeselskap, Store Norske Leksikon. Available at: http://snl.no/aksjeselskap (Accessed: 15 November 2012).
Kwan, I. and Mapstone, J. (2004) Visibility aids for pedestrians and cyclists: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 36(3), pp. 305-312. doi: 10.1016/S0001-4575(03)00008-3
Meld. St. 27 (2015-2016) (2013) Digital agenda for Norge: IKT for en enklere hverdag og økt produktivitet. Oslo: Kommunal- og moderniseringsdepartementet. Available at: https://www.regjeringen.no/no/dokumenter/meld.-st.-27-20152016/id2483795/ (Accessed: 20 October 2016).
NOU 2010: 13 (2010) Arbeid for helse: Sykefravær og utstøting I helse- og omsorgssektoren. Oslo: Departementenes servicesenter, Informasjonsforvaltning.
NTNU (2017) The Waterpower laboratory since 1917. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kCYbmg6T2Rg (Accessed: 24 October 2017).
Nørvåg, K. (2003) Space-Efficient Support for Temporal Text Indexing in a Document Archive Context, Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries: 7th European Conference, ECDL 2003. Trondheim, August 17-22, 2003. Berlin: Springer, pp. 511-522.
Ringen, S. (2004) La ikke Erna Solberg rasere det lokale folkestyre, Aftenposten, March 25, p. 10.
Ringve botaniske hage (2016) Available at: https://www.ntnu.no/museum/ringve-botaniske-hage (Accessed: 20 Oktober 2016).
Singh, J.P. (2010) Globalized arts: The entertainment economy and cultural identity. Columbia: Columbia University Press.
Universitets- og høyskoleloven (2005) Lov om universiteter og høyskoler. Available at: https://lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/2005-04-01-15 (Accessed: 21 November 2016).
Contact
Contact
- Marit Brodshaug if you have suggestions for the website
- your local library if you have other questions