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  • 1
    • K From Oslo by train
    • A From Rome by plane
    • M From Bergen by boat
    • P From Hamburg by car
    • Grammar
    • Pronunciation
    • Listening exercises
    • Exercises
    • Vocabulary
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  • 2
    • K To Moholt studentby
    • A The airport express coach
    • M Bus to Moholt
    • P To the reception
    • D Desta på Gjøvik
    • Grammar
    • Pronunciation
    • Listening exercises
    • Exercises
    • Vocabulary
    • Extras
  • 3
    • K The key
    • A The bed-sitter
    • M First meeting with Anna
    • P Breakfast with Frank
    • Y Yuhang i Ålesund
    • Grammar
    • Pronunciation
    • Listening exercises
    • Exercises
    • Vocabulary
    • Extras
  • 4
    • K At Moholt centre
    • A At Solsiden
    • M A shopping trip
    • P At the police station
    • D Desta handler
    • Grammar
    • Pronunciation
    • Listening exercises
    • Exercises
    • Vocabulary
    • Extras
  • 5
    • K An old man
    • A Tourist in Trondheim
    • M E-mail home
    • P Nidarosdomen cathedral
    • Y Essay
    • Grammar
    • Pronunciation
    • Listening exercises
    • Exercises
    • Vocabulary
    • Extras
  • 6
    • K Starting at Dragvoll
    • A Home from Gløshaugen
    • M The sports centre
    • P Norwegian class
    • Grammar
    • Pronunciation
    • Listening exercises
    • Exercises
    • Vocabulary
    • Extras
  • 7
    • A Family
    • B Spare time
    • D Lunsjpause
    • Grammar
    • Pronunciation
    • Listening exercises
    • Exercises
    • Vocabulary
    • Extras
  • 8
    • A Trip to Oppdal
    • B Peter is ill
    • Y På hyttetur
    • Grammar
    • Pronunciation
    • Listening exercises
    • Exercises
    • Vocabulary
    • Extras
  • 9
    • A The office
    • B Conference
    • Grammar
    • Pronunciation
    • Listening exercises
    • Exercises
    • Vocabulary
    • Extras
  • 10
    • A A trip to Oslo
    • B Christmas in Norway
    • Grammar
    • Pronunciation
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    • Exercises
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  • Vocabulary
    • Tables
    • List (a - å)
  1. 2
  2. Grammar

NoW 2 Grammar

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  • K To Moholt studentby
  • A The airport express coach
  • M Bus to Moholt
  • P To the reception
  • D Desta på Gjøvik
  • Grammar
  • Pronunciation
  • Listening exercises
  • Exercises
  • Vocabulary
  • Extras

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2 Grammar

2 Grammar


Pronouns

VIDEO

Personal pronouns - object form

Personal pronouns have two forms in Norwegian, subject and object form.

Subject form  Object form
jeg I meg me
du you deg you (singular)
han he ham (han)  him
hun she henne her
det/den  it det/den it
vi we oss us
dere you dere you (plural)
de they  dem them


Quizlet


Verbs

VIDEO

Auxiliary verbs + infinitive

Auxiliary verbs like:

skal  will, am/are/is going to
vil want to/will
kan can, be able to
må have to, must


are followed by the infinitive (without the infinitive marker å in front):

Ken skal sjekke adressa.
Han vil ta en taxi.
Anna kan betale med kort.
Hun må vente på neste buss.


Skal + infinitive is often used to express future time:

Hun skal reise til Trondheim.
De skal dra til England snart.


Imperative form

The imperative form of the verb is made by removing the infinitive -e from the infinitive:

å stoppe   to stop Stopp!  Stop!
å vente to wait Vent! Wait!


When the infinitive form is short (consists of only one syllable) the infinitive and the imperative form is the same:

å dra  to go Dra!  Go!
å gå to walk  Gå! Go/Walk!

Nouns

VIDEO

In Chapter 1 we presented the indefinite articles en, ei and et which indicate the gender of the noun (cf.a/an). Norwegian is unusual in that the definite article, i.e the, is formed by adding -en at the end of masculine words, -a at the end of feminine words and -et at the end of neuter words.

en brus  a soda brusen  the soda
ei avis a newspaper   avisa the newspaper
et tog a train toget the train


If the noun already ends with an -e, you just add the -n and the -t at the end of masculine and neuter words. When adding -a at the end of feminine words ending in -e, you drop the -e:

en pose a plastic bag  posen the plastic bag
ei jente a girl jenta the girl
et frimerke  a stamp frimerket  the stamp


Plural forms

The plural of indefinite nouns is normally formed by adding -(e)r. If the singular indefinite form ends in -e, you only add -r:

en bil a car (to) biler (two) cars
ei avis a newspaper   (to) aviser (two) newspapers
et frimerke  a stamp (to) frimerker  (two) stamps


Exceptions

Short (one syllable) et-words take no ending in the indefinite form plural:

et kart  a map   (to) kart  (two) maps
et kort  a card  (to) kort   (two) cards


In the definite form of the plural, the ending is usually -(e)ne:

biler cars bilene the cars
aviser newspapers  avisene the newspapers
frimerker  stamps frimerkene  the stamps

Question words

Hvilken (which)

There are several question words in Norwegian. Hvilken (which) is in general used to single out one object among many. This question word agrees with the noun's gender and number:

Hvilken buss tar du?  -en in front of a masculine noun (en buss)
Hvilken avis leser du?  -en in front of a feminine noun (ei avis)
Hvilket kart vil du ha?  -et in front of a neuter noun (et kart)
Hvilke aviser leser du?  -e in front of plural nouns (aviser)

Word order

As mentioned in Chapter 1 the verb is the second element when the person(s) is carrying out the action:

Jeg snakker norsk


The verb is also the second element when the sentence starts e.g. with words for time or place:

Nå (now) kommer  bussen.
Der (there)  ligger resepsjonen.


Note that we by verb mean finite verb when describing word order. A finite verb is a verb in present or past tense (preterite). In the following examples the finite verb (the auxiliary verbs vil and skal) is placed in the second position of the sentences while the main verb comes later.

Ken  vil gjerne  ta (main verb) en taxi.
Nå skal  han dra. (main verb) 
Der vil han bo. (main verb)
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