Energy systems are now shaped by both geopolitical, decarbonization, and economic rivalry. Conflicts and trade tensions expose vulnerabilities in supply chains and investment flows, while the need to maintain affordable, low-carbon energy demands unprecedented cooperation.  

At the same time, security policies, industrial strategy, and defense investments are increasingly linked to energy resilience and access to critical materials and technologies.  

This session explores how national and international strategies can balance short-term supply security with long-term emission reduction, how policy and market instruments can mobilise capital while preserving affordability, and how global interdependence can be turned from risk into strength. Arctic, European, and Indo-Pacific perspectives will illustrate the complexity of aligning security and transition agendas.   

Energy security is shaped by intentional and non-intentional threats alike. This session will address cyberattacks, embedded electronics, and hybrid operations alongside natural hazards such as floods, wildfires, and blackouts.  

It will discuss the economic costs of disruption, the insurance and investment implications of energy system risk, and the importance of monitoring, repair capacity, and rapid-response mechanisms that protect critical infrastructure.  

Participants will consider how resilience frameworks, data security, and crisis coordination can support — rather than hinder — the shift to clean and interconnected energy systems.   

The transition plays out differently across the world. Emerging economies in Africa, Asia, and Latin America must expand access to affordable energy while reducing emissions, while advanced economies focus on decoupling growth from energy use. This session explores lessons from China and other major actors, and examines how international finance, trade policy, and investment partnerships can support equitable progress.  

It will also address polarisation and disinformation in democracies, and how citizen engagement and social inclusion can sustain public trust through periods of change.  

A special focus will be on how financial instruments, green funds, and development banks can align economic growth and global security with the climate agenda.   

Two concise reflections will open the session, distilling the most important insights:  

On the evolving drivers of resilience and security in the global energy system, and  

On the economic, social, and political conditions that determine whether transition momentum can be sustained.  

A short dialogue will follow before an expert panel discusses what these findings mean for policy, investment, and international cooperation.  

The conversation will focus on how societies can strengthen preparedness, maintain affordability and competitiveness, and accelerate emission reductions under conditions of strategic uncertainty.  

By connecting the imperatives of security, finance, climate, and economic vitality, this closing session aims to identify the concrete priorities and partnerships needed to turn vulnerability into lasting resilience.