Catherine Amelia Appleton
About
Catherine Appleton is Senior Research Fellow at the Centre for Research and Education in Security, Prisons and Forensic Psychiatry at St Olavs University Hospital and the Department of Mental Health, NTNU in Trondheim, Noway. She is also Principal Research Fellow at the Institute of Law, Lithuanian Centre for Social Sciences and Research Associate at the School of Law, University of Nottingham, UK. She has over 20 years of experience in academic research, policy development, and international human rights advocacy. Her research focuses on 'ultimate penalties' and the question of how societies respond to their most serious crimes. Her book, Life Imprisonment (2019), co-authored with Emeritus Professor Dirk van Zyl Smit, was awarded the 2020 outstanding book awards from both the European Society of Criminology and the Division of International Criminology of the American Society of Criminology. She has acted as expert advisor for Amnesty International, the Helsinki Committee for Armenia, The Norwegian Mission for the Rule of Law in Modolva, the Council of Europe, the Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty and the United Nations. She is Chair of Penal Reform International and Co-Director of prisonHEALTH.
Publications
2026
-
Appleton, Catherine Amelia;
Jimada, Zinat;
Smit, Dirk van Zyl.
(2026)
Life Imprisonment Beyond Canada: Comparative Trends in Europe, Australia, and the United States.
Justice Report of the Canadian Criminal Justice Association
Academic article
2025
-
International, Penal Reform;
Jimada, Zinat;
Appleton, Catherine Amelia;
Smit, Dirk van Zyl.
(2025)
Alternatives to the death penalty - Information pack.
Penal Reform International
Policy report
-
Appleton, Catherine Amelia;
Simonas, Nikatas,;
Goda, Šleinotaitė,.
(2025)
Hope of Release? Life Imprisonment in Lithuania.
Baltic Journal of Law & Politics (BJLP)
Academic article
-
Berit, Johnsen;
Todd-Kvam, John James Rea;
Appleton, Catherine Amelia.
(2025)
Studie viser lavt tilbakefall til alvorlig kriminalitet blant forvaringsdømte.
https://www.forskersonen.no/
Popular science article
-
Johnsen, Berit;
Todd-Kvam, John;
Appleton, Catherine.
(2025)
To stop or continue counting? Calculating reconviction leading to imprisonment after preventive detention in Norway.
Nordic Journal of Criminology
Academic article
-
Todd-Kvam, John James Rea;
Berit, Johnsen;
Appleton, Catherine Amelia;
Stavseth, Marianne Riksheim;
Dahl, Hilde;
Bukten, Anne.
(2025)
Prevalence and patterns of mental health disorders in long-term preventive detention: a 13-year national cohort study.
BMC Psychiatry
Academic article
-
Appleton, Catherine Amelia;
Todd-Kvam, John James Rea;
Dahl, Hilde;
Berit, Johnsen;
Whittington, Richard.
(2025)
The Evolution and Implementation of Norway's Ultimate Penalty: An Exceptional Approach to Life Imprisonment?.
Law and Social Inquiry (LSI)
Academic article
-
Todd-Kvam, John James Rea;
Appleton, Catherine Amelia;
Ellis, Sophie;
Annison, Harry.
(2025)
Contrasts in legitimacy: Indefinite preventive sentencing in Norway and England and Wales.
Incarceration: An international journal of imprisonment, detention and coercive confinement
Academic article
-
Finanger, Trine;
Skråstad, Ragnhild Bergene;
Appleton, Catherine Amelia;
Hagemann, Cecilie Therese.
(2025)
Facilitating gynecological examination and long acting reversible contraception for women with substance use disorder: a prospective cohort study.
BMC Women's Health
Academic article
-
Todd-Kvam, John James Rea;
Dahl, Hilde;
Appleton, Catherine Amelia.
(2025)
The exceptional story of life imprisonment in Norway: From abolition to indefinite preventive detention.
European Journal of Criminology
Academic article
2024
-
International, PRI Penal Reform;
Jimada, Zinat;
Smit, Dirk Van Zyl;
Appleton, Catherine Amelia.
(2024)
Informal life imprisonment: A policy briefing on this harsh, hidden sentence.
Penal Reform International
Policy report
2023
-
Smit, Dirk Van Zyl;
Appleton, Catherine Amelia.
(2023)
Asian Life Imprisonment in Worldwide Perspective.
Academic chapter
-
Smit, Dirk Van Zyl;
Appleton, Catherine Amelia;
Gucong, Giao.
(2023)
Life Imprisonment in Asia.
Palgrave Macmillan
Anthology
2022
-
Smit, Dirk Van Zyl;
Appleton, Catherine Amelia.
(2022)
Cadena Perpetua: Un Análisis Global Desde Los Derechos Humanos.
Tirant Lo Blanch Grupo Editorial
Academic monograph
-
Appleton, Catherine Amelia;
Gilman, Hannah.
(2022)
Sentenced to die in prison: Reflections on whole life orders.
Prison Service Journal
Academic article
-
., L. Gonçalves;
Dirkzwager, A.;
Andres-Pueyo, A.;
Appleton, Catherine Amelia;
Blanc, J-S.;
Brosens, D.;
Cid, J.;
Dahl, Hilde;
Dirga, L.;
Getaz, L..
(2022)
Prison-related research in Europe: Annual meeting of the Prison Working Group of the European Society of Criminology, 21-22 April, Geneva.
Forensic Science International: Mind and Law
Conference abstract
2020
-
Appleton, Catherine Amelia.
(2020)
Review of 'Young Men's Experiences of Long-Term Imprisonment' by Rachel Rose Tynan (2019).
Howard Journal of Criminal Justice
Book review
2019
-
Smit, Dirk Van Zyl;
Appleton, Catherine Amelia.
(2019)
Life Imprisonment: A Global Human Rights Analysis.
Harvard University Press (HUP)
Academic monograph
2018
-
Smit, Dirk Van Zyl;
Appleton, Catherine Amelia.
(2018)
Life Imprisonment: The Modern Ultimate Penalty?.
New Philosopher
Academic article
-
Appleton, Catherine Amelia;
Smit, Dirk Van Zyl;
International, PRI Penal Reform.
(2018)
Life Imprisonment: A Policy Briefing.
Penal Reform International
Policy report
2016
-
Smit, Dirk Van Zyl;
Appleton, Catherine Amelia;
Benford, Georgie.
(2016)
Introduction.
Non-fiction chapter
-
Appleton, Catherine Amelia;
Smit, Dirk Van Zyl.
(2016)
The Paradox of Reform: Life Imprisonment in England and Wales.
Non-fiction chapter
-
Smit, Dirk Van Zyl;
Appleton, Catherine Amelia.
(2016)
Life Imprisonment and Human Rights.
Hart Publishing Ltd
Anthology
2015
-
Appleton, Catherine Amelia.
(2015)
Life without parole.
Oxford handbooks online
Academic article
-
Appleton, Catherine Amelia.
(2015)
Review of 'Fine Lines and Distinctions: Murder, Manslaughter and the Unlawful Taking of Human Life' by Terence Morris and Louis Blom-Cooper (2011) and 'Exploring the Mandatory Life Sentence for Murder', by Barry Mitchell and Julian Roberts (2012).
Criminal law review
Book review
2014
-
Appleton, Catherine Amelia.
(2014)
Lone Wolf Terrorism in Norway.
International Journal of Human Rights
Academic article
2013
-
Appleton, Catherine Amelia.
(2013)
Review of 'Life without parole: America's new death penalty', edited by Charles Ogletree and Austin Sarat.
Criminal Justice Review
Book review
2010
-
Appleton, Catherine Amelia.
(2010)
Life after Life Imprisonment.
Oxford University Press
Academic monograph
2007
-
Appleton, Catherine Amelia;
Grøver, Bent.
(2007)
The Pros and Cons of Life without Parole.
British Journal of Criminology
Academic article
2004
-
Burnett, Ros;
Appleton, Catherine Amelia.
(2004)
Joined-up Youth Justice: Tackling Youth Crime in Partnership.
Russell House Publishing
Academic monograph
-
Burnett, Ros;
Appleton, Catherine Amelia.
(2004)
Joined-Up Services to Tackle Youth Crime: A Case-Study in England.
British Journal of Criminology
Academic article
Journal publications
-
Appleton, Catherine Amelia;
Jimada, Zinat;
Smit, Dirk van Zyl.
(2026)
Life Imprisonment Beyond Canada: Comparative Trends in Europe, Australia, and the United States.
Justice Report of the Canadian Criminal Justice Association
Academic article
-
Appleton, Catherine Amelia;
Simonas, Nikatas,;
Goda, Šleinotaitė,.
(2025)
Hope of Release? Life Imprisonment in Lithuania.
Baltic Journal of Law & Politics (BJLP)
Academic article
-
Berit, Johnsen;
Todd-Kvam, John James Rea;
Appleton, Catherine Amelia.
(2025)
Studie viser lavt tilbakefall til alvorlig kriminalitet blant forvaringsdømte.
https://www.forskersonen.no/
Popular science article
-
Johnsen, Berit;
Todd-Kvam, John;
Appleton, Catherine.
(2025)
To stop or continue counting? Calculating reconviction leading to imprisonment after preventive detention in Norway.
Nordic Journal of Criminology
Academic article
-
Todd-Kvam, John James Rea;
Berit, Johnsen;
Appleton, Catherine Amelia;
Stavseth, Marianne Riksheim;
Dahl, Hilde;
Bukten, Anne.
(2025)
Prevalence and patterns of mental health disorders in long-term preventive detention: a 13-year national cohort study.
BMC Psychiatry
Academic article
-
Appleton, Catherine Amelia;
Todd-Kvam, John James Rea;
Dahl, Hilde;
Berit, Johnsen;
Whittington, Richard.
(2025)
The Evolution and Implementation of Norway's Ultimate Penalty: An Exceptional Approach to Life Imprisonment?.
Law and Social Inquiry (LSI)
Academic article
-
Todd-Kvam, John James Rea;
Appleton, Catherine Amelia;
Ellis, Sophie;
Annison, Harry.
(2025)
Contrasts in legitimacy: Indefinite preventive sentencing in Norway and England and Wales.
Incarceration: An international journal of imprisonment, detention and coercive confinement
Academic article
-
Finanger, Trine;
Skråstad, Ragnhild Bergene;
Appleton, Catherine Amelia;
Hagemann, Cecilie Therese.
(2025)
Facilitating gynecological examination and long acting reversible contraception for women with substance use disorder: a prospective cohort study.
BMC Women's Health
Academic article
-
Smit, Dirk Van Zyl;
Appleton, Catherine Amelia.
(2018)
Life Imprisonment: The Modern Ultimate Penalty?.
New Philosopher
Academic article
-
Appleton, Catherine Amelia;
Grøver, Bent.
(2007)
The Pros and Cons of Life without Parole.
British Journal of Criminology
Academic article
-
Appleton, Catherine Amelia.
(2014)
Lone Wolf Terrorism in Norway.
International Journal of Human Rights
Academic article
-
Appleton, Catherine Amelia.
(2015)
Life without parole.
Oxford handbooks online
Academic article
-
Appleton, Catherine Amelia.
(2020)
Review of 'Young Men's Experiences of Long-Term Imprisonment' by Rachel Rose Tynan (2019).
Howard Journal of Criminal Justice
Book review
-
Appleton, Catherine Amelia.
(2015)
Review of 'Fine Lines and Distinctions: Murder, Manslaughter and the Unlawful Taking of Human Life' by Terence Morris and Louis Blom-Cooper (2011) and 'Exploring the Mandatory Life Sentence for Murder', by Barry Mitchell and Julian Roberts (2012).
Criminal law review
Book review
-
Appleton, Catherine Amelia.
(2013)
Review of 'Life without parole: America's new death penalty', edited by Charles Ogletree and Austin Sarat.
Criminal Justice Review
Book review
-
Appleton, Catherine Amelia;
Gilman, Hannah.
(2022)
Sentenced to die in prison: Reflections on whole life orders.
Prison Service Journal
Academic article
-
Burnett, Ros;
Appleton, Catherine Amelia.
(2004)
Joined-Up Services to Tackle Youth Crime: A Case-Study in England.
British Journal of Criminology
Academic article
-
., L. Gonçalves;
Dirkzwager, A.;
Andres-Pueyo, A.;
Appleton, Catherine Amelia;
Blanc, J-S.;
Brosens, D.;
Cid, J.;
Dahl, Hilde;
Dirga, L.;
Getaz, L..
(2022)
Prison-related research in Europe: Annual meeting of the Prison Working Group of the European Society of Criminology, 21-22 April, Geneva.
Forensic Science International: Mind and Law
Conference abstract
-
Todd-Kvam, John James Rea;
Dahl, Hilde;
Appleton, Catherine Amelia.
(2025)
The exceptional story of life imprisonment in Norway: From abolition to indefinite preventive detention.
European Journal of Criminology
Academic article
Books
-
Smit, Dirk Van Zyl;
Appleton, Catherine Amelia.
(2022)
Cadena Perpetua: Un Análisis Global Desde Los Derechos Humanos.
Tirant Lo Blanch Grupo Editorial
Academic monograph
-
Smit, Dirk Van Zyl;
Appleton, Catherine Amelia.
(2019)
Life Imprisonment: A Global Human Rights Analysis.
Harvard University Press (HUP)
Academic monograph
-
Smit, Dirk Van Zyl;
Appleton, Catherine Amelia.
(2016)
Life Imprisonment and Human Rights.
Hart Publishing Ltd
Anthology
-
Burnett, Ros;
Appleton, Catherine Amelia.
(2004)
Joined-up Youth Justice: Tackling Youth Crime in Partnership.
Russell House Publishing
Academic monograph
-
Appleton, Catherine Amelia.
(2010)
Life after Life Imprisonment.
Oxford University Press
Academic monograph
-
Smit, Dirk Van Zyl;
Appleton, Catherine Amelia;
Gucong, Giao.
(2023)
Life Imprisonment in Asia.
Palgrave Macmillan
Anthology
Part of book/report
-
Smit, Dirk Van Zyl;
Appleton, Catherine Amelia;
Benford, Georgie.
(2016)
Introduction.
Non-fiction chapter
-
Appleton, Catherine Amelia;
Smit, Dirk Van Zyl.
(2016)
The Paradox of Reform: Life Imprisonment in England and Wales.
Non-fiction chapter
-
Smit, Dirk Van Zyl;
Appleton, Catherine Amelia.
(2023)
Asian Life Imprisonment in Worldwide Perspective.
Academic chapter
Report
-
International, Penal Reform;
Jimada, Zinat;
Appleton, Catherine Amelia;
Smit, Dirk van Zyl.
(2025)
Alternatives to the death penalty - Information pack.
Penal Reform International
Policy report
-
International, PRI Penal Reform;
Jimada, Zinat;
Smit, Dirk Van Zyl;
Appleton, Catherine Amelia.
(2024)
Informal life imprisonment: A policy briefing on this harsh, hidden sentence.
Penal Reform International
Policy report
-
Appleton, Catherine Amelia;
Smit, Dirk Van Zyl;
International, PRI Penal Reform.
(2018)
Life Imprisonment: A Policy Briefing.
Penal Reform International
Policy report
Outreach
2026
-
Interview
-
LectureJohnsen, Berit; Todd-Kvam, John James Rea; Appleton, Catherine Amelia; Stavseth, Marianne Riksheim; Dahl, Hilde; Bukten, Anne. (2026) Prevalence and patterns of mental health disorders in long-term preventive detention: a 13-year national cohort study/ To stop or continue counting? Calculating reconviction leading to imprisonment after preventive detention in Norway. Fagsamling for ledere i Kriminalomsorgen region øst
-
Conference lectureBerit, Johnsen; Todd-Kvam, John James Rea; Appleton, Catherine Amelia. (2026) To stop or continue counting? Calculating reconviction leading to imprisonment after preventive detention in Norway. Seminar, Nasjonal enhet for rettspsykiatrisk sakkyndige
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LectureAppleton, Catherine Amelia. (2026) FRIPRO Motivational Webinar: Successes and Failures of Research Applications. FRIPRO Motivational Webinar
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Conference lectureAppleton, Catherine Amelia; Jimada, Zinat; Smit, Dirk van Zyl. (2026) Alternatives to the Death Penalty. World Coalition Against the Death Penalty CoP Webinar
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Conference lectureAppleton, Catherine Amelia. (2026) The Release and Reintegration of Individuals Serving INdefinite PreventivE DEtention: The INPEDE Project. Fagdag for Regionalt kompetansesenter for sikkerhets-, fengsels- og rettpsykiatri
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Conference lectureAppleton, Catherine Amelia; Dahl, Hilde; Todd-Kvam, John James Rea; Berit, Johnsen; Whittington, Richard. (2026) ULTPEN: What we have done and what we are doing!. Fagdag for Regionalt kompetansenter for sikkerhets-, fengsels- og rettspsykiatry
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Conference lectureAppleton, Catherine Amelia; Gupta, Ayan. (2026) Life imprisonment and human rights: A global perspective. International Colloquium on Rethinking Incarceration: Challenges in Sentencing and Administration of Imprisonment
2025
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LectureAppleton, Catherine Amelia. (2025) Reflections on successes and challenges in FRIPRO research applications – insights from the ULTPEN project (a sample of one…!). FRIPRO motivational seminar
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LectureAppleton, Catherine Amelia. (2025) Contemporary issues surrounding the use of the death penalty and life imprisonment. Public Lecture
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LectureAppleton, Catherine Amelia. (2025) Life imprisonment: A global human rights perspective. Public Lecture
-
InterviewYeh, Chia-Chun; Appleton, Catherine Amelia; Lehrfreund, Saul. (2025) Why does Taiwan still have the death penalty?.
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Conference lectureAppleton, Catherine Amelia. (2025) Life after the death penalty: The challenge of alternative sanctions. East Asia Forum
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Feature article
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Blog postAppleton, Catherine Amelia; Lehrfreund, Saul. (2025) Cruel punishments that extinguish hope have no place in Taiwan's democracy | Oxford Law Blogs.
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Contribution to radio or TVBerit, Johnsen; Todd-Kvam, John James Rea; Appleton, Catherine Amelia. (2025) Kveldsnytt: I går · Nye tall bekymrer - NRK TV.
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InterviewBerit, Johnsen; Todd-Kvam, John James Rea; Appleton, Catherine Amelia. (2025) Ny forskning om forvaring – 10 prosent gjentar grov kriminalitet. – NRK Trøndelag – Lokale nyheter, TV og radio.
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Conference lectureTodd-Kvam, John James Rea; Berit, Johnsen; Appleton, Catherine Amelia; Stavseth, Marianne Riksheim; Dahl, Hilde; Bukten, Anne. (2025) Forvaring in Norway: a register-based population analysis. Kriminologikonferansen
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Conference lectureDahl, Hilde; Appleton, Catherine Amelia; Berit, Johnsen; Todd-Kvam, John James Rea. (2025) The implementation and impact of ‘forvaring’, Norway’s ultimate penalty. Kriminologikonferansen 2025
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Conference lectureAppleton, Catherine Amelia; Todd-Kvam, John James Rea; Dahl, Hilde; Berit, Johnsen. (2025) Preventive detention: An international perspective. Kriminologikonferansen 2025
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Conference lectureWhittington, Richard; Appleton, Catherine Amelia. (2025) Nordic exceptionalism in punishment and prisons: Myth, reality or something in-between?. Comparing Norway and UK punishment systems
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Conference lectureAppleton, Catherine Amelia. (2025) Life Sentences: A Global Human Rights Perspective. Penal Enforcement Law in Transition: Human Rights, Rehabilitation, and Social Responsibility
2024
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Conference lectureTodd-Kvam, John James Rea; Appleton, Catherine Amelia; Dahl, Hilde. (2024) Performing abolition: the ‘exceptional’ story of life imprisonment in Norway. British Society of Criminology Conference
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Conference lectureTodd-Kvam, John James Rea; Appleton, Catherine Amelia. (2024) Indeterminate sentencing in Norway and England and Wales – two exceptional cases?. Exceptional forms of coercive confinement: Pockets of punitiveness in the Welfare State
-
Conference lectureBerit, Johnsen; Todd-Kvam, John James Rea; Appleton, Catherine Amelia. (2024) There and back again: Conceptualizing and calculating reconviction to imprisonment after preventive detention in Norway. Annual conference of the Australian and New Zealand Society of Criminology
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Conference lectureDahl, Hilde; Todd-Kvam, John James Rea; Appleton, Catherine Amelia; Berit, Johnsen. (2024) ULTPEN - Endring av - forvaring og en selv. Læringspunkter fra samtaler i norske forvaringsavdelinger. KRUS Forvaringssamling 2024
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Conference lectureAppleton, Catherine Amelia; Dahl, Hilde; Todd-Kvam, John James Rea; Berit, Johnsen; Whittington, Richard. (2024) Indefinite preventive detention: The implementation and impact of Norway’s ULTimate PENalty (ULTPEN). Dutch Advisory Board for Review of Leave from Detention under a Hospital Order Study Leave Trip Trondheim
2023
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Conference lectureAppleton, Catherine Amelia. (2023) The definition of ‘life’ and statistical picture of life imprisonment worldwide. Council of Europe Workshop on life imprisonment sentences for judges, prosecutors, lawyers and prison authorities from the Republic of Moldova
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Conference lectureAppleton, Catherine Amelia. (2023) Implementing life sentences in line with the international standards and best practice. Council of Europe Workshop on life imprisonment sentences for judges, prosecutors, lawyers and prison authorities from the Republic of Moldova
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Conference lectureDahl, Hilde; Appleton, Catherine Amelia; Berit, Johnsen; Todd, John; Whittington, Richard Charles. (2023) Assessing the evolution of the forvaring system and the role of risk assessment. Kriminologikonferansen 2023
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Conference lectureDahl, Hilde; Appleton, Catherine Amelia; Todd-Kvam, John; Berit, Johnsen; Whittington, Richard Charles. (2023) Å sone forvaring: noen foreløpige funn fra ULTPEN-prosjektet. Fagkonferansen
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Conference lectureAppleton, Catherine Amelia; Dahl, Hilde; Todd, John; Berit, Johnsen; Whittington, Richard Charles. (2023) Serving preventive detention - the impact of indeterminate sentencing in Norway. Long term and life imprisonment
-
LectureDahl, Hilde; Appleton, Catherine Amelia; Todd-Kvam, John; Whittington, Richard Charles; Berit, Johnsen. (2023) ULTPEN - funding, outcome, preliminary analysis. Forskersamling SIFER
2022
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Conference posterAppleton, Catherine Amelia; Dahl, Hilde; Whittington, Richard; Berit, Johnsen. (2022) ULTPEN - Indefinite Preventive Detention: The Implementation and Impact of the ULTimate PENalty in Norway. Regional digital forskningskonferanse i Helse Midt-Norge 2022
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LectureDahl, Hilde; Appleton, Catherine Amelia; Berit, Johnsen; Whittington, Richard. (2022) ULTPEN. Indefinite preventive detention: The Implementation and Impact of the ULTimate PENalty in Norway - et FRIPRO-prosjekt. MTFS forskningsseminar
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Conference lectureAppleton, Catherine Amelia; Dahl, Hilde; Whittington, Richard; Berit, Johnsen. (2022) Reflections on forvaring: An exceptional approach to life imprisonment?. European Society of Criminology Annual Conference
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Conference lectureAppleton, Catherine Amelia; Berit, Johnsen; Dahl, Hilde; Whittington, Richard. (2022) Informal life sentences in Norway: The ULTPEN research project. Law and Society Association Annual Meeting
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Conference lectureAppleton, Catherine Amelia. (2022) Death-in-Prison Sentencing. International scientific conference on Deaths in Prison
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Conference lectureBerit, Johnsen; Appleton, Catherine Amelia; Dahl, Hilde; Whittington, Richard. (2022) Forvaring as the ultimate penalty in Norway: Some recidivism rates. European Society of Criminology annual prison group meeting
2021
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Conference lectureAppleton, Catherine Amelia; Nikartas, Simonas; Šleinotaitė, Goda. (2021) Providing (false) hope of release? Life imprisonment in Lithuania. International Scientific Conference 'The best of the worst and the permanently bad: Life-sentenced prisoners' online conference hosted by the University of Warsaw
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LectureAppleton, Catherine Amelia; Smit, Dirk Van Zyl. (2021) Life imprisonment: The use of it internationally and what is to be done. Fourteenth United Nations Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice.
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InterviewUnger, Brooke; Appleton, Catherine Amelia. (2021) As the death penalty becomes less common, life imprisonment becomes more so. Reformers say life is often too long.
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LectureAppleton, Catherine Amelia. (2021) The ULTPEN project: Indefinite preventive detention: The Implementation and Impact of the ULTimate PENalty in Norway. prisonHEALTH research group meeting
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Conference lectureAppleton, Catherine Amelia; Smit, Dirk Van Zyl. (2021) Asian life imprisonment in worldwide perspective. Life Imprisonment in Asia: Law and Practice
2020
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Conference lectureAppleton, Catherine Amelia; Smit, Dirk Van Zyl. (2020) Challenges of life imprisonment under international human rights standards: Can it be an alternative to capital punishment?. Alternatives to the death penalty
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Conference lectureAppleton, Catherine Amelia. (2020) Life imprisonment: A global human rights crisis. United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
2019
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LectureAppleton, Catherine Amelia. (2019) Life imprisonment: The best alternative?. World Congress Against the Death Penalty
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LectureAppleton, Catherine Amelia. (2019) Life imprisonment: Human rights violations in the sentencing and treatment of life-sentenced prisoners. 42nd session of the United Nations Human Rights Council
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Conference lectureAppleton, Catherine Amelia; Smit, Dirk Van Zyl. (2019) Life imprisonment in all but name? The imposition of informal life sentences. Annual Gerald Gordon Seminar
2018
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LectureAppleton, Catherine Amelia; Smit, Dirk Van Zyl. (2018) Life Imprisonment: A Global Human Rights Analysis. Life Imprisonment: A Global Human Rights Analysis Book Launch
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LectureAppleton, Catherine Amelia. (2018) Life-sentenced prisoners as vulnerable prisoners. United Nations Committee Against Torture (closed event)