Raghavendra Ramachandra

About

Raghavendra Ramachandra is working as a Professor in Department of Information Security and Communication Technology (IIK) at NTNU, Gjøvik.

Research Interests

Biometrics (Verification and Attack Detection), Machine Learning, Deep learning, Image and video analytics, Human Behaviour Anlaysis, Video Surviellance, Health Biometrics, Smartphone Authentication.

Research

A highly motivated academician with an extensive background in biometrics, image/video processing, deep learning, and image fusion. Strong working background on various biometric modalities, including the face, palmprint, finger vein, iris, and multimodal biometrics. In-depth knowledge of image processing (2D/3D), Deep Learning, machine learning, and their application to human behavior, crowd behavior, and biometric applications. Extensive experience has been gained in developing biometric sensors, such as finger veins and multispectral face devices, as well as different feature extraction algorithms for various biometric modalities. Experience of bringing biometrics to smartphones. Adept works by developing algorithms for spoof and morphing attack detection on biometric (face, finger vein, iris (visible and near-infrared)) systems. Experience in leading and managing national/EU research projects and project acquisition. Worked as a Consultant to the Norwegian Directorate of Immigration (UDI). Supervising/co-supervising Ph.D. and master’s students.

SALT (2022 - 2026) funded by Norwegian Research Council

SALT, (Secure privacy preserving Authentication using faciaL biometrics to proTect your identity) project will develop new algorithms for privacy preserving, presentation/Morphing attack detection techniques on face biometrics.

“OffPAD” - Optimizing balance between high security and usability (2022-2025)

“OffPAD” project will develop cryptographic tools and presentation attack detection techniques for fingerprint biometrics.

Secure Access Control over Wide Area Network (SWAN) (2015-2020)

The SWAN-project will develop innovative technologies and countermeasures to mitigate presentation attacks (also coined as spoofing attacks), which lead to a usable, economic, and privacy-preserving access control platform based on biometrics.

Publications

2026

Ramachandra, Raghavendra. (2026) R-FLoRA: Residual-Statistic-Gated Low-Rank Adaptation for Single-Image Face Morphing Attack Detection. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
Academic article
Marasco, Emanuela; Janga, Bhargavi; Gali, Gautham; Ramachandra, Raghavendra. (2026) Identity Reflections: Hyperspectral Skin Analysis via Reflectance Distance Learning with Context-Aware Contrastive Transformers. IEEE Transactions on Biometrics, Behavior, and Identity Science
Academic article
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Venkatesh, Sushma Krupa. (2026) SpectraIrisPAD: Leveraging Vision Foundation Models for Spectrally Conditioned Multispectral Iris Presentation Attack Detection. IEEE Transactions on Biometrics, Behavior, and Identity Science
Academic article
Zhang, Haoyu; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Busch, Christoph Günther. (2026) ChatGPT Encounters Morphing Attack Detection: Zero-Shot MAD With Multi-Modal Large Language Models and General Vision Models. IEEE Transactions on Biometrics, Behavior, and Identity Science
Academic article
Tandon, Abhishek; Sharma, Ashutosh; Sharma, Geetanjali; Jaswal, Gaurav; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Nigam, Aditya. (2026) CreaseGen: Generating realistic forehead-crease via B-splines, reinforcement learning and diffusion modeling. Information Fusion
Academic article
Li, Hailin; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Vetrekar, Narayan; Gad, R. S.. (2026) Diffusion Model with Perceptual Similarity fusion for Unsupervised Fingerphoto Presentation Attack Detection. IEEE Transactions on Biometrics, Behavior, and Identity Science
Academic article
Li, Hailin; Ramachandra, Raghavendra. (2026) A Survey on Deep Learning Techniques for Fingerprint Presentation Attack Detection. Sensors
Academic literature review
Bora, Revoti Prasad; Raja, Kiran; Terhörst, Philipp; Veldhuis, Raymond Nicolaas Johan; Ramachandra, Raghavendra. (2026) Consistency in XAI: Estimating and Mitigating Inconsistency in Post-hoc Explanations. Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet
Doctoral thesis
Bora, Revoti Prasad; Terhörst, Philipp; Veldhuis, Raymond Nicolaas Johan; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Raja, Kiran. (2026) Bay-CoFE: Bayesian consistency-driven feature elimination for eXplainable AI. Neurocomputing
Academic article
Bora, Revoti Prasad; Terhörst, Philipp; Veldhuis, Raymond Nicolaas Johan; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Raja, Kiran. (2026) FRIES: Framework for inconsistency estimation of saliency metrics. Pattern Recognition
Academic article

2025

Li, Hailin; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Narayan Tulshidas, Vetrekar; Gad, R.S.. (2025) On the Feasibility of Detecting Fingerphoto Presentation Attacks using Multimodal Large Language Models. 2025 IEEE International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB)
Conference report
Patel, Krishna; Gad, Rajendra; Ataide, Marissa Lourdes de; Vetrekar, Narayan; Ferreira, Teresa; Ramachandra, Raghavendra. (2025) Stimulus-Evoked Brain Signals for Parkinson’s Detection: A Comprehensive Benchmark Performance Analysis on Cross-Stimulation and Channel-Wise Experiments. Bioengineering
Academic article
Bora, Revoti Prasad; Terhörst, Philipp; Veldhuis, Raymond Nicolaas Johan; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Raja, Kiran. (2025) BELIEF - Bayesian Sign Entropy Regularization for LIME Framework. Proceedings of Machine Learning Research (PMLR)
Academic article
Mudgalgundurao, Raghavendra; Schuch, Patrick; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran. (2025) Detecting Presentation Attacks on ID cards Using Feature Refinement. European Signal Processing Conference
Academic article
Mondal, Ayan; Shrivastava, Vimal K.; Chatterjee, Ayan; Ramachandra, Raghavendra. (2025) Sb-PiPLU: A Novel Parametric Activation Function for Deep Learning. IEEE Access
Academic article
Panchananam, Lakshmi Srinivas; Chandaliya, Praveen Kumar; Akhtar, Zahid; Upla, Kishor; Ramachandra, Raghavendra. (2025) WaveletFusion: enhancing plant leaf disease classification with multi-scale feature extraction and explainable AI. Expert Systems With Applications
Academic article
Chatterjee, Ayan; Riegler, Michael; Johnson, Miriam S.; Das, Jishnu; Pahari, Nibedita; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Ghosh, Bikramaditya; Saha, Arpan; Bajpai, Ram. (2025) Erratum: Author Correction: Exploring online public survey lifestyle datasets with statistical analysis, machine learning and semantic ontology (Scientific reports (2024) 14 1 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-74539-6.). Scientific Reports
Corrigendum
Sharma, Geetanjali; Jaswal, Gaurav; Nigam, Aditya; Ramachandra, Raghavendra. (2025) FISNET: A Learnable Fusion-based Iris Segmentation Network Improving Robustness Across NIR and VIS Modalities. IEEE Access
Academic article
Albaluchi, Yousaf Mohammad Yaqoob; Fu, Biying; Damer, Naser; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Raja, Kiran. (2025) UAV-based person re-identification: A survey of UAV datasets, approaches, and challenges. Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Academic article
Zhang, Haoyu; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Busch, Christoph Günther. (2025) SynMorph: Generating Synthetic Face Morphing Dataset With Mated Samples. IEEE Access
Academic article
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Vetrekar, Narayan; Patwardhan, Sushrut Dattatraya; Venkatesh, Sushma Krupa; Naik, Gauresh; Gad, R.S.. (2025) PCGattnNet: A 3D Point Cloud Dynamic Graph Attention for Generalizable Face Presentation Attack Detection. IEEE Transactions on Biometrics, Behavior, and Identity Science
Academic article
Prabhu, Anish; Naik, Aparajita; Raut, Sakshi; Vetrekar, Narayan; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Gad, R.S.. (2025) Employing Non-Destructive Approach of Spectral Imaging to Detect Artificially Degreened Lemon. IEEE Sensors Letters
Academic article

2024

Li, Hailin; Ramachandra, Raghavendra. (2024) Does Capture Background Influence the Accuracy of the Deep Learning Based Fingerphoto Presentation Attack Detection Techniques?. IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV) Workshops.
Conference report
Li, Hailin; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Ragab, Mohamed; Mondal, Soumik; Tan, Yong Kiam; Aung, Khin Mi Mi. (2024) Unsupervised Fingerphoto Presentation Attack Detection With Diffusion Models. IEEE International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB 2024)
Conference report
Agarwal, Ayush; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Venkatesh, Sushma Krupa; Prasanna, S. R. Mahadeva. (2024) Biometrics in extended reality: a review. Discover Artificial Intelligence
Academic literature review
Kabbani, Wassim Hassan; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph Günther. (2024) Radial Distortion in Face Images: Detection and Impact. IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
Anthology
Zhang, Wentian; Liu, Haozhe; Liu, Feng; Ramachandra, Raghavendra. (2024) A uniform representation model for OCT-based fingerprint presentation attack detection and reconstruction. Pattern Recognition
Academic article
Zhang, Haoyu; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Busch, Christoph Günther. (2024) Generalized Single-Image-Based Morphing Attack Detection Using Deep Representations from Vision Transformer. IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW)
Academic article
Zhang, Wentian; Liu, Haozhe; Xie, Jinheng; Huang, Yawen; Zhang, Yu; Li, Yuexiang; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Zheng, Yefeng. (2024) Anomaly detection via gating highway connection for retinal fundus images. Pattern Recognition
Academic article
Chandaliya, Praveen Kumar; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Zhang, Haoyu; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph Günther. (2024) Synthetic Ethnicity Alteration for Diversifying Face Datasets - Investigating Recognition and Quality. IEEE International Workshop on Information Forensics and Security (WIFS)
Academic article
Arıcan, Tuğçe; Veldhuis, Raymond Nicolaas Johan; Spreeuwers, Luuk; Bergeron, Loic Kevin; Busch, Christoph; Jalilian, Ehsaneddin; Kauba, Christof; Kirchgasser, Simon; Marcel, Sébastien; Prommegger, Bernhard. (2024) A Comparative Study of Cross-Device Finger Vein Recognition Using Classical and Deep Learning Approaches. IET Biometrics
Academic article
Singh, Jag Mohan; Ramachandra, Raghavendra. (2024) 3-D Face Morphing Attacks: Generation, Vulnerability and Detection. IEEE Transactions on Biometrics, Behavior, and Identity Science
Academic article
Chatterjee, Ayan; Riegler, Michael; Johnson, Miriam S.; Das, Jishnu; Pahari, Nibedita; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Ghosh, Bikramaditya; Saha, Arpan; Bajpai, Ram. (2024) Exploring online public survey lifestyle datasets with statistical analysis, machine learning and semantic ontology. Scientific Reports
Academic article
Kabbani, Wassim Hassan; Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2024) Demographic Variability in Face Image Quality Measures.
Academic chapter
Kabbani, Wassim Hassan; Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2024) Eye Sclera for Fair Face Image Quality Assessment.
Academic chapter
Nandanwar, Lokesh; Shivakumara, Palaiahnakote; Jalab, Hamid A.; Ibrahim, Rabha W.; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Pal, Umapada; Lu, Tong; Blumenstein, Michael. (2024) A Conformable Moments-Based Deep Learning System for Forged Handwriting Detection. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems
Academic article
Li, Hailin; Ramachandra, Raghavendra. (2024) Fingerphoto morphing attack generation using texture descriptors based landmarks. Scientific Reports
Academic article
Liu, Xinwei; Raja, Kiran; Wang, Renfang; Qiu, Hong; Wu, Hucheng; Sun, Dechao; Zheng, Qiguang; Liu, Nian; Wang, Xiaoxia; Huang, Gehang. (2024) A Latent Fingerprint in the Wild Database. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
Academic article

2023

Li, Hailin; Ramachandra, Raghavendra. (2023) Deep Features for Contactless Fingerprint Presentation Attack Detection: Can They Be Generalized?. Springer
Conference report
Reddy, Arvind; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Rao, Krothapalli Sreenivasa; Mitra, Pabitra. (2023) MLSD-GAN - Generating Strong High Quality Face Morphing Attacks using Latent Semantic Disentanglement. IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
Anthology
Vetrekar, Narayan; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Gaonkar, Aniketh; Gad, Rajendra. (2023) Towards the Influence of Eyeglasses on the Cross-spectral Periocular Verification: Does Eyeglass Detection Improve Verification Performance?. ACM Publications
Anthology
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Venkatesh, Sushma; Li, Guoqiang; Raja, Kiran. (2023) Differential Newborn Face Morphing Attack Detection using Wavelet Scatter Network. IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
Anthology
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Venkatesh, Sushma; Jaswal, Gaurav; Li, Guoqiang. (2023) Vulnerability of Face Morphing Attacks: A Case Study on Lookalike and Identical Twins. IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
Anthology
Vetrekar, Narayan; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Gad, R.S.. (2023) Multilevel Fusion of Multispectral Images to Detect the Artificially Ripened Banana. IEEE Sensors Letters
Academic article
Singh, Jag Mohan; Venkatesh, Sushma Krupa; Ramachandra, Raghavendra. (2023) Robust Face Morphing Attack Detection Using Fusion of Multiple Features and Classification Techniques.
Academic chapter
Zhang, Haoyu; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Busch, Christoph Günther. (2023) Morph-PIPE: Plugging in Identity Prior to Enhance Face Morphing Attack Based on Diffusion Model. NIKT: Norsk IKT-konferanse for forskning og utdanning
Academic article
Zhang, Haoyu; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph Günther. (2023) Face Presentation Attack Detection Using Remote Photoplethysmography Transformer Model.
Academic chapter
Singh, Jag Mohan; Ramachandra, Raghavendra. (2023) Deep Composite Face Image Attacks: Generation, Vulnerability and Detection. IEEE Access
Academic article
Kong, Zhe; Zhang, Wentian; Liu, Feng; Luo, Wenhan; Liu, Haozhe; Shen, Linlin; Ramachandra, Raghavendra. (2023) Taming Self-Supervised Learning for Presentation Attack Detection: De-Folding and De-Mixing. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems
Academic article
Das, Soumik; palaiahnakote, Shivakumara; Pal, Umapada; Ramachandra, Raghavendra. (2023) Gaussian Kernels Based Network for Multiple License Plate Number Detection in Day-Night Images. Springer Nature
Anthology
Tapia, Juan E.; Busch, Christoph Günther; Zhang, Haoyu; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran. (2023) Simulating Print/Scan Textures for Morphing Attack Detection.
Academic chapter
Myhrvold, Henning; Zhang, Haoyu; Tapia, Juan; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph Günther. (2023) Explainable Visualization for Morphing Attack Detection. NIKT: Norsk IKT-konferanse for forskning og utdanning
Academic article
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Li, Hailin. (2023) 2023 IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision Workshops (WACVW). IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
Anthology
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Li, Hailin. (2023) Finger-NestNet: Interpretable Fingerphoto Verification on Smartphone using Deep Nested Residual Network.
Academic chapter
Montazerian, Arman; Haj Mohammadian Baghban, Mohammad; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Goutianos, Stergios. (2023) A machine learning approach for assessing the compressive strength of cementitious composites reinforced by graphene derivatives. Construction and Building Materials
Academic article
Busch, Christoph; Deravi, Farzin; Frings, Dinusha; Kindt, Els; Lessmann, Ralph; Nouak, Alexander; Salomon, Jean; Achcar, Mateus; Alonso-Fernandez, Fernando; Bachenheimer, Daniel. (2023) Facilitating free travel in the Schengen area—A position paper by the European Association for Biometrics. IET Biometrics
Academic article

2022

Mudgalgundurao, Raghavendra; Schuch, Patrick; Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Damer, Naser. (2022) Pixel-wise supervision for presentation attack detection on identity document cards. IET Biometrics
Academic article
Nandanwar, Lokesh; Shivakumara, Palaiahnakote; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Lu, Tong; Pal, Umapada; Antonacopoulos, Apostolos; Lu, Yue. (2022) A New Deep Wavefront Based Model for Text Localization in 3D Video. IEEE transactions on circuits and systems for video technology (Print)
Academic article
Prajapati, Kalpesh; Chudasama, Vishal; Patel, Heena; Sarvaiya, Anjali; Upla, Kishor; Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2022) Unsupervised Denoising for Super-Resolution (UDSR) of Real-World Images. IEEE Access
Academic article
Chowdhury, Pinaki Nath; Shivakumara, Palaiahnakote; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Nag, Sauradip; Pal, Umapada; Lu, Tong; Lopresti, Daniel. (2022) An Episodic Learning Network for Text Detection on Human Bodies in Sports Images. IEEE transactions on circuits and systems for video technology (Print)
Academic article
Shivakumara, Palaiahnakote; Chowdhury, Pinaki Nath; Pal, Umapada; Doermann, David; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Lu, Tong; Blumenstein, Michael. (2022) A Knowledge Enforcement Network-Based Approach for Classifying a Photographer's Images. International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence
Academic article
Raja, Kiran; Gupta, Gourav; Venkatesh, Sushma; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2022) Towards generalized morphing attack detection by learning residuals. Image and Vision Computing
Academic article
Xu, Ying; Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2022) Adversarial Attacks on Face Recognition Systems.
Non-fiction chapter
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Li, Guoqiang. (2022) Multimodality for Reliable Single Image Based Face Morphing Attack Detection. IEEE Access
Academic article
Banerjee, Ayan; Shivakumara, Palaiahnakote; Pal, Umapada; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Liu, Cheng-Lin. (2022) A comprehensive scheme for tattoo text detection. Pattern Recognition Letters
Academic article
Vetrekar, Narayan; Prabhu, Anish K.; Naik, Aparajita; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Raja, Kiran; Desai, Adavi R.; Gad, Rajendra S.. (2022) Collaborative representation of convolutional neural network features to detect artificial ripening of banana using multispectral imaging. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation
Academic article
Alonso-Fernandez, Fernando; Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph; Bigun, Josef; Vera-Rodriguez, Ruben; Fierrez, Julian. (2022) Cross-sensor periocular biometrics in a global pandemic: Comparative benchmark and novel multialgorithmic approach. Information Fusion
Academic article
Qin, Le; Peng, Fei; Long, Min; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2022) Vulnerabilities of Unattended Face Verification Systems to Facial Components-based Presentation Attacks: An Empirical Study. ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)
Academic article

2021

Patel, Heena; Chudasama, Vishal; Prajapati, Kalpesh; Upla, Kishor; Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2021) ThermISRnet: An efficient thermal image super-resolution network. Optical Engineering: The Journal of SPIE
Academic article
Khodabakhsh, Ali; Busch, Christoph; Ramachandra, Raghavendra. (2021) Automated Authentication of Audiovisual Contents: A Biometric Approach. Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet
Doctoral thesis
Venkatesh, Sushma; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Raja, Kiran; Busch, Christoph. (2021) Face Morphing Attack Generation and Detection: A Comprehensive Survey. IEEE Transactions on Technology and Society
Academic article
Raja, Kiran; Ferrara, Matteo; Franco, Annalisa; Spreeuwers, Luuk; Batskos, Ilias; Wit, Florens de; Gomez-Barrero, Marta; Scherhag, Ulrich; Fischer, Daniel; Venkatesh, Sushma. (2021) Morphing Attack Detection-Database, Evaluation Platform, and Benchmarking. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
Academic article
Zhang, Haoyu; Venkatesh, Sushma; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Raja, Kiran; Damer, Naser; Busch, Christoph. (2021) MIPGAN—Generating Strong and High Quality Morphing Attacks Using Identity Prior Driven GAN. IEEE Transactions on Biometrics, Behavior, and Identity Science
Academic article
Grimmer, Marcel; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2021) Deep Face Age Progression: A Survey. IEEE Access
Academic article
Mandalapu, Hareesh; N, Aravinda Reddy P; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Rao, Krothapalli Sreenivasa; Mitra, Pabitra; Prasanna, S. R. Mahadeva; Busch, Christoph. (2021) Audio-Visual Biometric Recognition and Presentation Attack Detection: A Comprehensive Survey. IEEE Access
Academic literature review
Mandalapu, Hareesh; Elbo, Thomas Møller; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2021) Cross-lingual Speaker Verification: Evaluation On X-Vector Method.
Academic chapter
Mandalapu, Hareesh; Busch, Christoph; Ramachandra, Raghavendra. (2021) Multilingual Voice Impersonation Dataset and Evaluation.
Academic chapter
Mandalapu, Hareesh; Reddy, P. N. Aravinda; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Rao, Krothapalli Sreenivasa; Mitra, Pabitra; Prasanna, S. R. Mahadeva; Busch, Christoph. (2021) Multilingual Audio-Visual Smartphone Dataset and Evaluation. IEEE Access
Academic article
Vakhshiteh, Fatemeh; Nickabadi, Ahmad; Ramachandra, Raghavendra. (2021) Adversarial Attacks against Face Recognition: A Comprehensive Study. IEEE Access
Academic article
Zhang, Haoyu; Grimmer, Marcel; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Busch, Christoph. (2021) On the Applicability of Synthetic Data for Face Recognition.
Academic chapter
Busch, Christoph; Czajka, Adam; Deravi, Farzin; Drozdowski, Pawel; Gomez‐Barrero, Marta; Hasse, Georg; Henniger, Olaf; Kindt, Els; Kolberg, Jascha; Nouak, Alexander. (2021) A response to the European Data Protection Supervisor ‘Misunderstandings in Biometrics’ by the European Association for Biometrics. IET Biometrics
Academic article
Chowdhury, Tamal; Shivakumara, Palaiahnakote; Pal, Umapada; Lu, Tong; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Chanda, Sukalpa. (2021) DCINN: Deformable Convolution and Inception Based Neural Network for Tattoo Text Detection Through Skin Region.
Academic chapter
Damer, Naser; Raja, Kiran; Süßmilch, Marius; Venkatesh, Sushma; Boutros, Fadi; Fang, Meiling; Kirchbuchner, Florian; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Kuijiper, Arjan. (2021) Regenmorph: visibly realistic GAN generated face morphing attacks by attack re-generation. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS)
Academic article
Prajapati, Kalpesh; Chudasama, Vishal; Patel, Heena; Upla, Kishor; Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2021) Direct Unsupervised Super-Resolution Using Generative Adversarial Network (DUS-GAN) for Real-World Data. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Academic article
Chudasama, Vishal; Upla, Kishor; Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2021) Compact and progressive network for enhanced single image super-resolution—ComPrESRNet. The Visual Computer
Academic article
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Damer, Naser; Raja, Kiran; Rattani, Ajita. (2021) Guest Editorial: WACV 2020—Presentation attacks on biometric systems. IET Biometrics
Editorial
Qin, Le; Peng, Fei; Venkatesh, Sushma; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Long, Min; Busch, Christoph. (2021) Low Visual Distortion and Robust Morphing Attacks Based on Partial Face Image Manipulation. IEEE Transactions on Biometrics, Behavior, and Identity Science
Academic article

2020

Venkatesh, Sushma; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Raja, Kiran; Spreeuwers, Luuk; Veldhuis, Raymond; Busch, Christoph. (2020) Detecting morphed face attacks using residual noise from deep multi-scale context aggregation network. 2020 IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV)
Academic article
Ahmed, Javed; Yayilgan, Sule Yildirim; Nowostaki, Mariusz; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Elezaj, Ogerta; Abomohara, Mohamad. (2020) GDPR compliant consent driven data protection in online social networks: A blockchain-based approach. 2020 3rd International Conference on Information and Computer Technologies (ICICT)
Academic article
Chowdhury, Pinaki Nath; Shivakumara, Palaiahnakote; Kanchan, Swati; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Pal, Umapada; Lu, Tong; Lopresti, Daniel. (2020) Graph attention network for detecting license plates in crowded street scenes. Pattern Recognition Letters
Academic article
Chudasama, Vishal; Patel, Heena; Prajapati, Kalpesh; Upla, Kishor; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Busch, Christoph. (2020) TherISuRNet-A Computationally Efficient Thermal Image Super-Resolution Network.
Academic chapter
Boutros, Fadi; Damer, Naser; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Kirchbuchner, Florian; Kuijper, Arjan. (2020) Periocular Biometrics in Head-Mounted Displays: A Sample Selection Approach for Better Recognition.
Academic chapter
Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2020) Collaborative representation of blur invariant deep sparse features for periocular recognition from smartphones. Image and Vision Computing
Academic article
Boutros, Fadi; Damer, Naser; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Kirchbuchner, Florian; Kuijper, Arjan. (2020) Fusing Iris and Periocular Region for User Verification in Head Mounted Displays.
Academic chapter
Rai, Aashish; Chudasama, Vishal; Upla, Kishor; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2020) ComSupResNet: A Compact Super-Resolution Network for Low-Resolution Face Images.
Academic chapter
Boutros, Fadi; Damer, Naser; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Kirchbuchner, Florian; Kuijper, Arjan. (2020) Iris and periocular biometrics for head mounted displays: Segmentation, recognition, and synthetic data generation. Image and Vision Computing
Academic article
Prajapati, Kalpesh; Chudasama, Vishal; Patel, Heena; Upla, Kishor; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Busch, Christoph. (2020) Unsupervised single image super-resolution network (usisresnet) for real-world data using generative adversarial network.
Academic chapter
Chowdhury, Pinaki Nath; Shivakumara, Palaiahnakote; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Pal, Umapada; Lu, Tong; Blumenstein, Michael. (2020) A New U-Net Based License Plate Enhancement Model in Night and Day Images. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS)
Academic article
Krishnani, Divya; Shivakumara, Palaiahnakote; Lu, Tong; Pal, Umapada; Ramachandra, Raghavendra. (2020) Structure Function Based Transform Features for Behavior-Oriented Social Media Image Classification. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS)
Academic article
Venkatesh, Sushma; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Raja, Kiran; Busch, Christoph. (2020) Single image face morphing attack detection using ensemble of features. 2020 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION)
Academic article
Venkatesh, Sushma; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bours, Patrick. (2020) Video based deception detection using deep recurrent convolutional neural network. Communications in Computer and Information Science (CCIS)
Academic article
Auksorius, Egidijus; Raja, Kiran; Topcu, Berkay; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph; Boccara, Claude A. (2020) Compact and Mobile Full-Field Optical Coherence Tomography Sensor for Subsurface Fingerprint Imaging. IEEE Access
Academic article
Ahmed, Javed; Yayilgan, Sule Yildirim; Nowostawski, Mariusz; Abomhara, Mohamed Ali Saleh; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Elezaj, Ogerta. (2020) Towards Blockchain-based GDPR-compliant Online Social Networks: Challenges, Opportunities and Way Forward. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing
Academic article
Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2020) Fused Spectral Features in Kernel Weighted Collaborative Representation for Gender Classification Using Ocular Images. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing
Academic article

2019

Vetrekar, Narayan; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Raja, Kiran; Gad, Rajendra S. (2019) Multi-Spectral Imaging for Artificial Ripened Banana Detection. European Workshop on Visual Information Processing
Academic article
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Venkatesh, Sushma; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Busch, Christoph. (2019) Towards making Morphing Attack Detection robust using hybrid Scale-Space Colour Texture Features.
Academic chapter
Venkatesh, Sushma; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bours, Patrick. (2019) Robust Algorithm for Multimodal Deception Detection.
Academic chapter
Wasnik, Pankaj Shivdayal; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Busch, Christoph. (2019) An Empirical Evaluation of Deep Architectures on Generalization of Smartphone-based Face Image Quality Assessment.
Academic chapter
Das, Abhijit; Galdi, Chiara; Han, Hu; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Dugelay, Jean-Luc; Dantcheva, An-titza. (2019) Recent Advances in Biometric Technology for Mobile Devices.
Academic chapter
Venkatesh, Sushma; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Busch, Christoph. (2019) A New Multi-spectral Iris Acquisition Sensor for Biometric Verification and Presentation Attack Detection.
Academic chapter
Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2019) Towards Reducing the Error Rates in Template Protection for Iris Recognition Using Custom Cuckoo Filters.
Academic chapter
Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2019) Anchored kernel hashing for cancelable template protection for cross-spectral periocular data. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS)
Academic article
Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Auksorius, Egidijus; Busch, Christoph. (2019) Subsurface and layer intertwined template protection using inherent properties of full-field optical coherence tomography fingerprint imaging. IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW)
Academic article
Veldhuis, Raymond N.J.; Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra. (2019) A likelihood ratio classifier for histogram features.
Academic chapter
Vetrekar, Narayan; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Raja, Kiran; Gad, Rajendra S. (2019) Multi-spectral Imaging To Detect Artificial Ripening Of Banana: A Comprehensive Empirical Study.
Academic chapter
Venkatesh, Sushma; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Raja, Kiran; Spreeuwers, Luuk; Veldhuis, Raymond N.J.; Busch, Christoph. (2019) Morphed Face Detection Based on Deep Color Residual Noise.
Academic chapter
Nag, Sauradip; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Shivakumara, Palaiahnakote; Pal, Umapada; Lu, Tong; Kankanhalli, Mohan S.. (2019) CRNN Based Jersey-Bib Number/Text Recognition in Sports and Marathon Images.
Academic chapter
Raja, Kiran; Damer, Naser; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Boutros, Fadi; Busch, Christoph. (2019) Cross-Spectral Periocular Recognition by Cascaded Spectral Image Transformation.
Academic chapter
Mandalapu, Hareesh; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2019) Empirical Evaluation of Texture-Based Print and Contact Lens Iris Presentation Attack Detection Methods.
Academic chapter
Mandalapu, Hareesh; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2019) Image Quality and Texture-Based Features for Reliable Textured Contact Lens Detection.
Academic chapter
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Venkatesh, Sushma; Busch, Christoph. (2019) Design and Development of Low-Cost Sensor to Capture Ventral and Dorsal Finger Vein for Biometric Authentication. IEEE Sensors Journal
Academic article
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Venkatesh, Sushma; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Bhattacharjee, Sushil; Wasnik, Pankaj Shivdayal; Marcel, Sebastien; Busch, Christoph. (2019) Custom Silicone Face Masks: Vulnerability of Commercial Face Recognition Systems and Presentation Attack Detection.
Academic chapter
Khodabakhsh, Ali; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2019) Subjective Evaluation of Media Consumer Vulnerability to Fake Audiovisual Content.
Academic chapter
Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2019) Obtaining Stable Iris Codes Exploiting Low-Rank Tensor Space and Spatial Structure Aware Refinement for Better Iris Recognition. IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Academic article
Vetrekar, Narayan; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Gad, Rajendra S. (2019) Detecting Glass in Ocular Region Based on Grassmann Manifold Projection Metric Learning by Exploring Spectral Imaging.
Academic chapter
Vetrekar, Narayan; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Raja, Kiran; Venkatesh, Sushma; Gad, Rajendra; Busch, Christoph. (2019) Visible to band gender classification: An extensive experimental evaluation based on multi-spectral imaging. IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Academic article

2018

Raja, Kiran B.; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2018) Manifold-Structure Preserving Biometric Templates - A Preliminary Study On Fully Cancelable Smartphone Biometric Templates.
Academic chapter
Raja, Kiran B.; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2018) Towards Protected and Cancelable Multi-Spectral Face Templates Using Feature Fusion and Kernalized Hashing.
Academic chapter
Khodabakhsh, Ali; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Wasnik, Pankaj Shivdayal; Busch, Christoph. (2018) Fake Face Detection Methods: Can They Be Generalized?.
Academic chapter
Vetrekar, Narayan; Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Gad, R.S.; Busch, Christoph. (2018) Multi-spectral Imaging For Robust Ocular Biometrics.
Academic chapter
Stokkenes, Martin; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2018) Biometric Transaction Authentication using Smartphones. GI-Edition Lecture Notes in Informatics (LNI)
Academic article
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Venkatesh, Sushma; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Busch, Christoph. (2018) Detecting Face Morphing Attacks with Collaborative Representation of Steerable Features. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing
Academic article
Thorsen, Tommy Arild Garden; Wasnik, Pankaj Shivdayal; Busch, Christoph; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran. (2018) Assessing Face Image Quality with LSTMs. Norsk Informasjonssikkerhetskonferanse (NISK)
Academic article
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Venkatesh, Sushma; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Busch, Christoph. (2018) A low-cost Multi-Fingervein Verification System.
Academic chapter
Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2018) Towards a Cancelable Template Protection Across NIR to Visible Spectrum Using Anchored Kernel Hashing – A Study on Cross-Spectral Periocular Images. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing
Academic article
Wasnik, Pankaj Shivdayal; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Stokkenes, Martin; Raja, Kiran B.; Busch, Christoph. (2018) Improved Fingerphoto Verification System Using Multi-scale Second Order Local Structures.
Academic chapter
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Raja, Kiran; Venkatesh, Sushma Krupa; Busch, Christoph. (2018) Improved ear verification after surgery - An approach based on collaborative representation of locally competitive features. Pattern Recognition
Academic article
Singh, Jag Mohan; Wasnik, Pankaj Shivdayal; Ramachandra, Raghavendra. (2018) Hessian-based Robust Ray-Tracing of Implicit Surfaces on GPU.
Academic chapter
Wasnik, Pankaj Shivdayal; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Busch, Christoph. (2018) Subjective Logic Based Score Level Fusion: Combining Faces and Fingerprints.
Academic chapter
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Venkatesh, Sushma; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Busch, Christoph. (2018) Transgender Face Recognition with Off-the-shelf Pre-trained CNNs: A comprehensive study.
Academic chapter
Wasnik, Pankaj Shivdayal; Stokkenes, Martin; Dunfjeld, Mihkal; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Raja, Kiran B.; Busch, Christoph. (2018) Baseline Evaluation of Smartphone based Finger-photo Verification System. Norsk Informasjonssikkerhetskonferanse (NISK)
Academic article
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Venkatesh, Sushma; Hegde, Sneha; Dandappanavar, Shreedhar; Busch, Christoph. (2018) Verifying the Newborns without Infection Risks Using Contactless Palmprints.
Academic chapter
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Venkatesh, Sushma; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Wasnik, Pankaj Shivdayal; Stokkenes, Martin; Busch, Christoph. (2018) Fusion of Multi-Scale Local Phase Quantization Features for Face Presentation Attack Detection.
Academic chapter
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Vetrekar, Narayan; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Gad, Rajendra S; Busch, Christoph. (2018) Robust gender classification using extended multi-spectral imaging by exploring the spectral angle mapper.
Academic chapter
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Vetrekar, Narayan; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Gad, Rajendra S; Busch, Christoph. (2018) Detecting Disguise Attacks on Multi-spectral Face Recognition Through Spectral Signatures. International Conference on Pattern Recognition
Academic article
Khodabakhsh, Ali; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2018) A Taxonomy of Audiovisual Fake Multimedia Content Creation Technology.
Academic chapter

2017

Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2017) Presentation Attack Detection Methods for Face Recognition Systems: A Comprehensive Survey. ACM Computing Surveys
Academic article
Stokkenes, Martin; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Sigaard, Morten; Gomez-Barrero, Marta; Busch, Christoph. (2017) Multi-biometric template protection on smartphones: An approach based on binarized statistical features and bloom filters. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS)
Academic article
Wasnik, Pankaj Shivdayal; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2017) Assessing Face Image Quality for Smartphone based Face Recognition System.
Academic chapter
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Venkatesh, Sushma Krupa; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Busch, Christoph. (2017) Transferable deep convolutional neural network features for fingervein presentation attack detection.
Academic chapter
Scherhag, Ulrich; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Gomez-Barrero, Marta; Rathgeb, Christian; Busch, Christoph. (2017) On the Vulnerability of Face Recognition Systems Towards Morphed Face Attacks.
Academic chapter
Wasnik, Pankaj Shivdayal; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2017) Presentation Attack Detection in Face Biometric Systems Using Raw Sensor Data from Smartphones.
Academic chapter
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Marcel, Sebastien; Busch, Christoph. (2017) Face Presentation Attack Detection Across Spectrum using Time-Frequency Descriptors of Maximal Response in Laplacian Scale-Space.
Academic chapter
Vetrekar, Narayan; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Gad, R.S.; Busch, Christoph. (2017) Collaborative Representation of Grassmann Manifold Projection Metric for Robust Multi-spectral Face Recognition.
Non-fiction chapter
Gomez-Barrero, Marta; Rathgeb, Christian; Li, Guoqiang; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Galbally, Javier; Busch, Christoph. (2017) Multi-biometric template protection based on bloom filters. Information Fusion
Academic article
Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Venkatesh, Sushma Krupa; Busch, Christoph. (2017) Multi-patch deep sparse histograms for iris recognition in visible spectrum using collaborative subspace for robust verification. Pattern Recognition Letters
Academic article
Scherhag, Ulrich; Nautsch, Andreas; Rathgeb, Christian; Gomez-Barrero, Marta; Veldhuis, Raymond N.J.; Spreeuwers, Luuk; Schils, Maikel; Maltoni, Davide; Grother, Patrick; Marcel, Sebastien. (2017) Biometric Systems under Morphing Attacks: Assessment of Morphing Techniques and Vulnerability Reporting. GI-Edition Lecture Notes in Informatics (LNI)
Academic article
Wasnik, Pankaj Shivdayal; Schäfer, Katharina; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph; Bylappa Raja, Kiran. (2017) Fusing Biometric Scores Using Subjective Logic for Gait Recognition on Smartphone. GI-Edition Lecture Notes in Informatics (LNI)
Academic article
Vetrekar, Narayan; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Gad, R.S.; Busch, Christoph. (2017) Extended Multi-spectral Imaging For Gender Classification Based On Image Set.
Academic chapter
Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Wasnik, Pankaj Shivdayal; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2017) Robust face presentation attack detection on smartphones : An approach based on variable focus.
Academic chapter
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Venkatesh, Sushma Krupa; Busch, Christoph. (2017) Face Presentation Attack Detection by Exploring Spectral Signatures. IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW)
Academic article
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Venkatesh, Sushma Krupa; Busch, Christoph. (2017) Face morphing versus face averaging: Vulnerability and detection.
Academic chapter
Gomez-Barrero, Marta; Rathgeb, Christian; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2017) Biometric Symmetry: Implications on Template Protection. European Signal Processing Conference
Academic article
Shivakumara, Palaiahnakote; Raghavendra, Ramachandra; Qin, Longfei; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Lu, Tong; Pal, Umapada. (2017) A new multi-modal approach to bib number/text detection and recognition in Marathon images. Pattern Recognition
Academic article
Sequeira, Ana F; Chen, Lulu; Ferryman, James; Wild, Peter; Alonso-Fernandez, Fernando; Bigun, Josef; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph; Pereira, Tiago de Freitas. (2017) Cross-Eyed 2017: Cross-Spectral Iris/Periocular Recognition Competition.
Academic chapter
Stokkenes, Martin; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Sigaard, Morten; Busch, Christoph. (2017) Feature Level Fused Templates for Multi-Biometric System on Smartphones.
Academic chapter
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Venkatesh, Sushma Krupa; Busch, Christoph. (2017) Extended multispectral face presentation attack detection: An approach based on fusing information from individual spectral bands.
Academic chapter
Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Auksorius, Egidijus; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Boccara, A. Claude; Busch, Christoph. (2017) Robust Veriﬁcation With Subsurface Fingerprint Recognition Using Full Field Optical Coherence Tomography.
Academic chapter
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Venkatesh, Sushma Krupa; Busch, Christoph. (2017) Transferable Deep-CNN Features for Detecting Digital and Print-Scanned Morphed Face Images. IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW)
Academic article
Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2017) Scale-level score fusion of steered pyramid features for cross-spectral periocular verification.
Academic chapter
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Venkatesh, Sushma Krupa; Busch, Christoph. (2017) Collaborative representation of statistically independent filters? response: An application to face recognition under illicit drug abuse alterations. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS)
Academic article
Narayan Tulshidas, Vetrekar; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Gad, R.S.; Busch, Christoph. (2017) Extended Spectral To Visible Comparison Based On Spectral Band Selection Method For Robust Face Recognition.
Academic chapter
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Venkatesh, Sushma Krupa; Alaya Cheikh, Faouzi; Busch, Christoph. (2017) On the Vulnerability of Extended Multispectral Face Recognition Systems Towards Presentation Attacks.
Academic chapter
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Busch, Christoph. (2017) ContlensNet: Robust Iris Contact Lens Detection Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks.
Academic chapter

2016

Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2016) Learning deeply coupled autoencoders for smartphone based robust periocular verification. Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Image Processing
Academic article
Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2016) Cross-Spectrum Periocular Authentication for NIR and Visible Images Using Bank of Statistical Filters.
Academic chapter
Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Raghavendra, Ramachandra; Busch, Christoph. (2016) Biometric recognition of surgically altered periocular region: A comprehensive study.
Academic chapter
Vetrekar, N.T.; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Gad, R.S.. (2016) Low-cost Multi-spectral Face Imaging For Robust Face Recognition.
Academic chapter
Sequeira, Ana F; Chen, Lulu; Ferryman, James; Alonso-Fernandez, Fernando; Bigun, Josef; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph; Wild, Peter. (2016) Cross-Eyed - Cross-Spectral Iris/Periocular Recognition Database and Competition. GI-Edition Lecture Notes in Informatics (LNI)
Academic article
Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Raghavendra, Ramachandra; Busch, Christoph. (2016) Dynamic Scale Selected Laplacian Decomposed Frequency Response for Cross-Smartphone Periocular Verification in Visible Spectrum.
Academic chapter
Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Raghavendra, Ramachandra; Busch, Christoph. (2016) Weighted Comparison Score Fusion for Accurate Verification of Surgically Altered Periocular Region.
Academic chapter
Vetrekar, N.T.; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Gad, R.S.; Naik, G.M.. (2016) Photometric normalization techniques for extended multi-spectral face recognition: A comparative analysis. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS)
Academic article
Wasnik, Pankaj Shivdayal; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Raghavendra, Ramachandra; Busch, Christoph. (2016) Eye region based multibiometric fusion to mitigate the effects of body weight variations in face recognition.
Academic chapter
Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Raghavendra, Ramachandra; Busch, Christoph. (2016) Collaborative representation of deep sparse filtered features for robust verification of smartphone periocular images.
Academic chapter

2015

Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Busch, Christoph. (2015) Presentation Attack Detection Algorithms for Finger Vein Biometrics: A Comprehensive Study.
Academic chapter
Tome, P.; Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Busch, Christoph; Tirunagari, Santosh; Poh, Norman; Shekar, B. H.; Gragnaniello, D.; Sansone, Carlo; Verdoliva, L.; Marcel, S.. (2015) The 1st Competition on Counter Measures to Finger Vein Spoofing Attacks.
Academic chapter
Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Busch, Christoph. (2015) Texture based features for robust palmprint recognition: a comparative study. EURASIP Journal on Multimedia and Information Security
Academic article
Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Busch, Christoph. (2015) Time-Frequency Features of Laplacian Decomposition.
Academic chapter
Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Busch, Christoph. (2015) Video Presentation Attack Detection in Visible Spectrum Iris Recognition Using Magnified Phase Information. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
Academic article
Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Busch, Christoph. (2015) Improved Face Recognition by Combining Information from Multiple Cameras in Automatic Border Control System.
Academic chapter
Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Vemuri, Vinay Krishna; Busch, Christoph. (2015) Smartphone based visible iris recognition using deep sparse filtering. Pattern Recognition Letters
Academic article
Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Surbiryala, Jayachander; Busch, Christoph. (2015) An efficient finger vein indexing scheme based on unsupervised clustering.
Academic chapter
Surbiryala, Jayachander; Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Busch, Christoph. (2015) Finger vein indexing based on binary features.
Academic chapter
Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Surbiryala, Jayachander; Busch, Christoph. (2015) Hand Dorsal Vein Recognition: Sensor, Algorithms and Evaluation.
Academic chapter
Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Busch, Christoph. (2015) Exploring dorsal finger vein pattern for robust person recognition.
Academic chapter
Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Stokkenes, Martin; Busch, Christoph. (2015) Multi-modal Authentication System for Smartphones Using Face, Iris and Periocular.
Academic chapter
Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Alaya Cheikh, Faouzi; Busch, Christoph. (2015) Evaluation of Fusion Approaches for Face Recognition using Light Field Cameras.
Academic chapter
Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Stokkenes, Martin; Busch, Christoph. (2015) Fusion of Face and Periocular Information for Improved Authentication on Smartphones.
Academic chapter
Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Busch, Christoph. (2015) Iris imaging in visible spectrum using white LED.
Academic chapter
Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Avinash, Manasa; Marcel, Sebastien; Busch, Christoph. (2015) Finger vein liveness detection using motion magnification.
Academic chapter
Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Busch, Christoph. (2015) Presentation attack detection using Laplacian decomposed frequency response for visible spectrum and Near-Infra-Red iris systems.
Academic chapter
Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Busch, Christoph. (2015) Face Image Resolution Enhancement based on Weighted Fusion of Wavelet Decomposition.
Academic chapter
Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Busch, Christoph. (2015) Presentation Attack Detection for Face Recognition Using Light Field Camera. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Academic article
Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Busch, Christoph. (2015) Robust Scheme for Iris Presentation Attack Detection Using Multiscale Binarized Statistical Image Features. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
Academic article
Roy, Sangheeta; Shivakumara, Palaiahnakote; Mondal, Prabir; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Pal, Umapada; Lu, Tong. (2015) A new multi-modal technique for bib number/text detection in natural images. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS)
Academic article
Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Busch, Christoph. (2015) Exploring the Usefulness of Light Field Camera for Biometrics : An Empirical Study on Face and Iris Recognition. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
Academic article

2014

Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Busch, Christoph; Mondal, Soumik. (2014) An Empirical Study of Smartphone Based Iris Recognition in Visible Spectrum.
Academic chapter
Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Busch, Christoph. (2014) Robust palmprint verification using sparse representation of binarized statistical features: a comprehensive study.
Academic chapter
Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Stokkenes, Martin; Busch, Christoph. (2014) Smartphone Authentication System Using Periocular Biometrics.
Academic chapter
Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Surbiryala, Jayachander; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Busch, Christoph. (2014) Novel Finger Vascular Pattern Imaging Device for Robust Biometric Verification.
Academic chapter
Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Busch, Christoph. (2014) Novel image fusion scheme based on dependency measure for robust multispectral palmprint recognition. Pattern Recognition
Academic article
Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Busch, Christoph. (2014) Smartphone Based Robust Iris Recognition in Visible Spectrum using Clustered K-means Features.
Academic chapter
Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Busch, Christoph. (2014) Presentation attack detection algorithm for face and iris biometrics. European Signal Processing Conference
Academic article
Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Busch, Christoph. (2014) Presentation attack detection algorithm for face and iris biometrics.
Academic chapter
Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Busch, Christoph. (2014) Presentation attack detection on visible spectrum iris recognition by exploring inherent characteristics of Light Field Camera.
Academic chapter
Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Yang, Bian; Busch, Christoph. (2014) Automatic Face Quality Assessment from Video using Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix: An Empirical Study on Automatic Border Control System.
Academic chapter
Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Busch, Christoph. (2014) Binarized statistical features for improved iris and periocular recognition in visible spectrum.
Academic chapter
Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Surbiryala, Jayachander; Busch, Christoph. (2014) A low-cost multimodal Biometric Sensor to capture Finger Vein and Fingerprint.
Academic chapter

2013

Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Yang, Bian; Busch, Christoph. (2013) Combining Iris and Periocular Recognition using Light Field Camera.
Academic chapter
Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Yang, Bian; Busch, Christoph. (2013) Improved face recognition at a distance using light field camera & super resolution schemes.
Academic chapter
Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Busch, Christoph; Yang, Bian. (2013) Scaling-Robust Fingerprint Verification with Smartphone Camera in Real-life Scenarios.
Academic chapter
Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Pflug, Anika; Yang, Bian; Busch, Christoph. (2013) 3D face reconstruction and multimodal person identification from video captured using smartphone camera.
Academic chapter
Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Yang, Bian; Busch, Christoph. (2013) GUCLF: a new light field face database.
Academic chapter
Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Yang, Bian; Busch, Christoph. (2013) A Novel Image Fusion Scheme For Robust Multiple Face Recognition With Light-field Camera.
Academic chapter
Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Yang, Bian; Busch, Christoph. (2013) Robust “On-the-Fly” person identification using Sparse Representation.
Academic chapter
Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Yang, Bian; Busch, Christoph. (2013) Comparative Evaluation of Super-Resolution Techniques For Multi-Face Recognition Using Light-Field Camera.
Academic chapter
Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Yang, Bian; Busch, Christoph. (2013) Multi-face recognition at a distance using light-field camera.
Academic chapter
Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Yang, Bian; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Busch, Christoph. (2013) A New Perspective - Face Recognition with Light-Field Camera.
Academic chapter
Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Alaya Cheikh, Faouzi; Yang, Bian; Busch, Christoph. (2013) Robust iris recognition using light-field camera.
Academic chapter

2012

Li, Guoqiang; Yang, Bian; Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Busch, Christoph. (2012) Testing Mobile Phone Camera Based Fingerprint Recognition under Real-Life Scenarios.
Academic chapter
Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Yang, Bian; Busch, Christoph. (2012) Accurate face detection in video based on likelihood assessment.
Academic chapter
Raghavendra, Rachamandra. (2012) Sparse Representation for Accurate Person Recognition Using Hand Vein Biometrics.
Academic chapter
Raghavendra, Rachamandra. (2012) PSO Based Framework for Weighted Feature Level Fusion of Face and Palmprint.
Academic chapter

Journal publications

Ramachandra, Raghavendra. (2026) R-FLoRA: Residual-Statistic-Gated Low-Rank Adaptation for Single-Image Face Morphing Attack Detection. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
Academic article
Marasco, Emanuela; Janga, Bhargavi; Gali, Gautham; Ramachandra, Raghavendra. (2026) Identity Reflections: Hyperspectral Skin Analysis via Reflectance Distance Learning with Context-Aware Contrastive Transformers. IEEE Transactions on Biometrics, Behavior, and Identity Science
Academic article
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Venkatesh, Sushma Krupa. (2026) SpectraIrisPAD: Leveraging Vision Foundation Models for Spectrally Conditioned Multispectral Iris Presentation Attack Detection. IEEE Transactions on Biometrics, Behavior, and Identity Science
Academic article
Zhang, Haoyu; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Busch, Christoph Günther. (2026) ChatGPT Encounters Morphing Attack Detection: Zero-Shot MAD With Multi-Modal Large Language Models and General Vision Models. IEEE Transactions on Biometrics, Behavior, and Identity Science
Academic article
Tandon, Abhishek; Sharma, Ashutosh; Sharma, Geetanjali; Jaswal, Gaurav; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Nigam, Aditya. (2026) CreaseGen: Generating realistic forehead-crease via B-splines, reinforcement learning and diffusion modeling. Information Fusion
Academic article
Li, Hailin; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Vetrekar, Narayan; Gad, R. S.. (2026) Diffusion Model with Perceptual Similarity fusion for Unsupervised Fingerphoto Presentation Attack Detection. IEEE Transactions on Biometrics, Behavior, and Identity Science
Academic article
Patel, Krishna; Gad, Rajendra; Ataide, Marissa Lourdes de; Vetrekar, Narayan; Ferreira, Teresa; Ramachandra, Raghavendra. (2025) Stimulus-Evoked Brain Signals for Parkinson’s Detection: A Comprehensive Benchmark Performance Analysis on Cross-Stimulation and Channel-Wise Experiments. Bioengineering
Academic article
Li, Hailin; Ramachandra, Raghavendra. (2026) A Survey on Deep Learning Techniques for Fingerprint Presentation Attack Detection. Sensors
Academic literature review
Bora, Revoti Prasad; Terhörst, Philipp; Veldhuis, Raymond Nicolaas Johan; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Raja, Kiran. (2026) Bay-CoFE: Bayesian consistency-driven feature elimination for eXplainable AI. Neurocomputing
Academic article
Bora, Revoti Prasad; Terhörst, Philipp; Veldhuis, Raymond Nicolaas Johan; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Raja, Kiran. (2025) BELIEF - Bayesian Sign Entropy Regularization for LIME Framework. Proceedings of Machine Learning Research (PMLR)
Academic article
Bora, Revoti Prasad; Terhörst, Philipp; Veldhuis, Raymond Nicolaas Johan; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Raja, Kiran. (2026) FRIES: Framework for inconsistency estimation of saliency metrics. Pattern Recognition
Academic article
Mudgalgundurao, Raghavendra; Schuch, Patrick; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran. (2025) Detecting Presentation Attacks on ID cards Using Feature Refinement. European Signal Processing Conference
Academic article
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2017) Presentation Attack Detection Methods for Face Recognition Systems: A Comprehensive Survey. ACM Computing Surveys
Academic article
Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Busch, Christoph. (2015) Texture based features for robust palmprint recognition: a comparative study. EURASIP Journal on Multimedia and Information Security
Academic article
Patel, Heena; Chudasama, Vishal; Prajapati, Kalpesh; Upla, Kishor; Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2021) ThermISRnet: An efficient thermal image super-resolution network. Optical Engineering: The Journal of SPIE
Academic article
Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Busch, Christoph. (2015) Video Presentation Attack Detection in Visible Spectrum Iris Recognition Using Magnified Phase Information. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
Academic article
Venkatesh, Sushma; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Raja, Kiran; Spreeuwers, Luuk; Veldhuis, Raymond; Busch, Christoph. (2020) Detecting morphed face attacks using residual noise from deep multi-scale context aggregation network. 2020 IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV)
Academic article
Ahmed, Javed; Yayilgan, Sule Yildirim; Nowostaki, Mariusz; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Elezaj, Ogerta; Abomohara, Mohamad. (2020) GDPR compliant consent driven data protection in online social networks: A blockchain-based approach. 2020 3rd International Conference on Information and Computer Technologies (ICICT)
Academic article
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2016) Learning deeply coupled autoencoders for smartphone based robust periocular verification. Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Image Processing
Academic article
Vetrekar, Narayan; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Raja, Kiran; Gad, Rajendra S. (2019) Multi-Spectral Imaging for Artificial Ripened Banana Detection. European Workshop on Visual Information Processing
Academic article
Stokkenes, Martin; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Sigaard, Morten; Gomez-Barrero, Marta; Busch, Christoph. (2017) Multi-biometric template protection on smartphones: An approach based on binarized statistical features and bloom filters. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS)
Academic article
Mudgalgundurao, Raghavendra; Schuch, Patrick; Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Damer, Naser. (2022) Pixel-wise supervision for presentation attack detection on identity document cards. IET Biometrics
Academic article
Mondal, Ayan; Shrivastava, Vimal K.; Chatterjee, Ayan; Ramachandra, Raghavendra. (2025) Sb-PiPLU: A Novel Parametric Activation Function for Deep Learning. IEEE Access
Academic article
Agarwal, Ayush; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Venkatesh, Sushma Krupa; Prasanna, S. R. Mahadeva. (2024) Biometrics in extended reality: a review. Discover Artificial Intelligence
Academic literature review
Chowdhury, Pinaki Nath; Shivakumara, Palaiahnakote; Kanchan, Swati; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Pal, Umapada; Lu, Tong; Lopresti, Daniel. (2020) Graph attention network for detecting license plates in crowded street scenes. Pattern Recognition Letters
Academic article
Nandanwar, Lokesh; Shivakumara, Palaiahnakote; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Lu, Tong; Pal, Umapada; Antonacopoulos, Apostolos; Lu, Yue. (2022) A New Deep Wavefront Based Model for Text Localization in 3D Video. IEEE transactions on circuits and systems for video technology (Print)
Academic article
Gomez-Barrero, Marta; Rathgeb, Christian; Li, Guoqiang; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Galbally, Javier; Busch, Christoph. (2017) Multi-biometric template protection based on bloom filters. Information Fusion
Academic article
Vetrekar, Narayan; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Gad, R.S.. (2023) Multilevel Fusion of Multispectral Images to Detect the Artificially Ripened Banana. IEEE Sensors Letters
Academic article
Prajapati, Kalpesh; Chudasama, Vishal; Patel, Heena; Sarvaiya, Anjali; Upla, Kishor; Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2022) Unsupervised Denoising for Super-Resolution (UDSR) of Real-World Images. IEEE Access
Academic article
Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2019) Anchored kernel hashing for cancelable template protection for cross-spectral periocular data. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS)
Academic article
Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Venkatesh, Sushma Krupa; Busch, Christoph. (2017) Multi-patch deep sparse histograms for iris recognition in visible spectrum using collaborative subspace for robust verification. Pattern Recognition Letters
Academic article
Zhang, Wentian; Liu, Haozhe; Liu, Feng; Ramachandra, Raghavendra. (2024) A uniform representation model for OCT-based fingerprint presentation attack detection and reconstruction. Pattern Recognition
Academic article
Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Vemuri, Vinay Krishna; Busch, Christoph. (2015) Smartphone based visible iris recognition using deep sparse filtering. Pattern Recognition Letters
Academic article
Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Busch, Christoph. (2014) Novel image fusion scheme based on dependency measure for robust multispectral palmprint recognition. Pattern Recognition
Academic article
Chowdhury, Pinaki Nath; Shivakumara, Palaiahnakote; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Nag, Sauradip; Pal, Umapada; Lu, Tong; Lopresti, Daniel. (2022) An Episodic Learning Network for Text Detection on Human Bodies in Sports Images. IEEE transactions on circuits and systems for video technology (Print)
Academic article
Panchananam, Lakshmi Srinivas; Chandaliya, Praveen Kumar; Akhtar, Zahid; Upla, Kishor; Ramachandra, Raghavendra. (2025) WaveletFusion: enhancing plant leaf disease classification with multi-scale feature extraction and explainable AI. Expert Systems With Applications
Academic article
Shivakumara, Palaiahnakote; Chowdhury, Pinaki Nath; Pal, Umapada; Doermann, David; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Lu, Tong; Blumenstein, Michael. (2022) A Knowledge Enforcement Network-Based Approach for Classifying a Photographer's Images. International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence
Academic article
Scherhag, Ulrich; Nautsch, Andreas; Rathgeb, Christian; Gomez-Barrero, Marta; Veldhuis, Raymond N.J.; Spreeuwers, Luuk; Schils, Maikel; Maltoni, Davide; Grother, Patrick; Marcel, Sebastien. (2017) Biometric Systems under Morphing Attacks: Assessment of Morphing Techniques and Vulnerability Reporting. GI-Edition Lecture Notes in Informatics (LNI)
Academic article
Wasnik, Pankaj Shivdayal; Schäfer, Katharina; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph; Bylappa Raja, Kiran. (2017) Fusing Biometric Scores Using Subjective Logic for Gait Recognition on Smartphone. GI-Edition Lecture Notes in Informatics (LNI)
Academic article
Chatterjee, Ayan; Riegler, Michael; Johnson, Miriam S.; Das, Jishnu; Pahari, Nibedita; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Ghosh, Bikramaditya; Saha, Arpan; Bajpai, Ram. (2025) Erratum: Author Correction: Exploring online public survey lifestyle datasets with statistical analysis, machine learning and semantic ontology (Scientific reports (2024) 14 1 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-74539-6.). Scientific Reports
Corrigendum
Venkatesh, Sushma; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Raja, Kiran; Busch, Christoph. (2021) Face Morphing Attack Generation and Detection: A Comprehensive Survey. IEEE Transactions on Technology and Society
Academic article
Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2020) Collaborative representation of blur invariant deep sparse features for periocular recognition from smartphones. Image and Vision Computing
Academic article
Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Auksorius, Egidijus; Busch, Christoph. (2019) Subsurface and layer intertwined template protection using inherent properties of full-field optical coherence tomography fingerprint imaging. IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW)
Academic article
Boutros, Fadi; Damer, Naser; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Kirchbuchner, Florian; Kuijper, Arjan. (2020) Iris and periocular biometrics for head mounted displays: Segmentation, recognition, and synthetic data generation. Image and Vision Computing
Academic article
Raja, Kiran; Ferrara, Matteo; Franco, Annalisa; Spreeuwers, Luuk; Batskos, Ilias; Wit, Florens de; Gomez-Barrero, Marta; Scherhag, Ulrich; Fischer, Daniel; Venkatesh, Sushma. (2021) Morphing Attack Detection-Database, Evaluation Platform, and Benchmarking. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
Academic article
Sharma, Geetanjali; Jaswal, Gaurav; Nigam, Aditya; Ramachandra, Raghavendra. (2025) FISNET: A Learnable Fusion-based Iris Segmentation Network Improving Robustness Across NIR and VIS Modalities. IEEE Access
Academic article
Raja, Kiran; Gupta, Gourav; Venkatesh, Sushma; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2022) Towards generalized morphing attack detection by learning residuals. Image and Vision Computing
Academic article
Stokkenes, Martin; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2018) Biometric Transaction Authentication using Smartphones. GI-Edition Lecture Notes in Informatics (LNI)
Academic article
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Venkatesh, Sushma; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Busch, Christoph. (2018) Detecting Face Morphing Attacks with Collaborative Representation of Steerable Features. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing
Academic article
Thorsen, Tommy Arild Garden; Wasnik, Pankaj Shivdayal; Busch, Christoph; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran. (2018) Assessing Face Image Quality with LSTMs. Norsk Informasjonssikkerhetskonferanse (NISK)
Academic article
Chowdhury, Pinaki Nath; Shivakumara, Palaiahnakote; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Pal, Umapada; Lu, Tong; Blumenstein, Michael. (2020) A New U-Net Based License Plate Enhancement Model in Night and Day Images. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS)
Academic article
Krishnani, Divya; Shivakumara, Palaiahnakote; Lu, Tong; Pal, Umapada; Ramachandra, Raghavendra. (2020) Structure Function Based Transform Features for Behavior-Oriented Social Media Image Classification. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS)
Academic article
Zhang, Haoyu; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Busch, Christoph Günther. (2024) Generalized Single-Image-Based Morphing Attack Detection Using Deep Representations from Vision Transformer. IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW)
Academic article
Zhang, Wentian; Liu, Haozhe; Xie, Jinheng; Huang, Yawen; Zhang, Yu; Li, Yuexiang; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Zheng, Yefeng. (2024) Anomaly detection via gating highway connection for retinal fundus images. Pattern Recognition
Academic article
Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2018) Towards a Cancelable Template Protection Across NIR to Visible Spectrum Using Anchored Kernel Hashing – A Study on Cross-Spectral Periocular Images. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing
Academic article
Zhang, Haoyu; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Busch, Christoph Günther. (2023) Morph-PIPE: Plugging in Identity Prior to Enhance Face Morphing Attack Based on Diffusion Model. NIKT: Norsk IKT-konferanse for forskning og utdanning
Academic article
Zhang, Haoyu; Venkatesh, Sushma; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Raja, Kiran; Damer, Naser; Busch, Christoph. (2021) MIPGAN—Generating Strong and High Quality Morphing Attacks Using Identity Prior Driven GAN. IEEE Transactions on Biometrics, Behavior, and Identity Science
Academic article
Chandaliya, Praveen Kumar; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Zhang, Haoyu; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph Günther. (2024) Synthetic Ethnicity Alteration for Diversifying Face Datasets - Investigating Recognition and Quality. IEEE International Workshop on Information Forensics and Security (WIFS)
Academic article
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Raja, Kiran; Venkatesh, Sushma Krupa; Busch, Christoph. (2018) Improved ear verification after surgery - An approach based on collaborative representation of locally competitive features. Pattern Recognition
Academic article
Arıcan, Tuğçe; Veldhuis, Raymond Nicolaas Johan; Spreeuwers, Luuk; Bergeron, Loic Kevin; Busch, Christoph; Jalilian, Ehsaneddin; Kauba, Christof; Kirchgasser, Simon; Marcel, Sébastien; Prommegger, Bernhard. (2024) A Comparative Study of Cross-Device Finger Vein Recognition Using Classical and Deep Learning Approaches. IET Biometrics
Academic article
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Li, Guoqiang. (2022) Multimodality for Reliable Single Image Based Face Morphing Attack Detection. IEEE Access
Academic article
Singh, Jag Mohan; Ramachandra, Raghavendra. (2024) 3-D Face Morphing Attacks: Generation, Vulnerability and Detection. IEEE Transactions on Biometrics, Behavior, and Identity Science
Academic article
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Venkatesh, Sushma Krupa; Busch, Christoph. (2017) Face Presentation Attack Detection by Exploring Spectral Signatures. IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW)
Academic article
Gomez-Barrero, Marta; Rathgeb, Christian; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2017) Biometric Symmetry: Implications on Template Protection. European Signal Processing Conference
Academic article
Shivakumara, Palaiahnakote; Raghavendra, Ramachandra; Qin, Longfei; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Lu, Tong; Pal, Umapada. (2017) A new multi-modal approach to bib number/text detection and recognition in Marathon images. Pattern Recognition
Academic article
Albaluchi, Yousaf Mohammad Yaqoob; Fu, Biying; Damer, Naser; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Raja, Kiran. (2025) UAV-based person re-identification: A survey of UAV datasets, approaches, and challenges. Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Academic article
Chatterjee, Ayan; Riegler, Michael; Johnson, Miriam S.; Das, Jishnu; Pahari, Nibedita; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Ghosh, Bikramaditya; Saha, Arpan; Bajpai, Ram. (2024) Exploring online public survey lifestyle datasets with statistical analysis, machine learning and semantic ontology. Scientific Reports
Academic article
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Venkatesh, Sushma; Busch, Christoph. (2019) Design and Development of Low-Cost Sensor to Capture Ventral and Dorsal Finger Vein for Biometric Authentication. IEEE Sensors Journal
Academic article
Grimmer, Marcel; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2021) Deep Face Age Progression: A Survey. IEEE Access
Academic article
Venkatesh, Sushma; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Raja, Kiran; Busch, Christoph. (2020) Single image face morphing attack detection using ensemble of features. 2020 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION)
Academic article
Singh, Jag Mohan; Ramachandra, Raghavendra. (2023) Deep Composite Face Image Attacks: Generation, Vulnerability and Detection. IEEE Access
Academic article
Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Busch, Christoph. (2014) Presentation attack detection algorithm for face and iris biometrics. European Signal Processing Conference
Academic article
Sequeira, Ana F; Chen, Lulu; Ferryman, James; Alonso-Fernandez, Fernando; Bigun, Josef; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph; Wild, Peter. (2016) Cross-Eyed - Cross-Spectral Iris/Periocular Recognition Database and Competition. GI-Edition Lecture Notes in Informatics (LNI)
Academic article
Venkatesh, Sushma; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bours, Patrick. (2020) Video based deception detection using deep recurrent convolutional neural network. Communications in Computer and Information Science (CCIS)
Academic article
Banerjee, Ayan; Shivakumara, Palaiahnakote; Pal, Umapada; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Liu, Cheng-Lin. (2022) A comprehensive scheme for tattoo text detection. Pattern Recognition Letters
Academic article
Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2019) Obtaining Stable Iris Codes Exploiting Low-Rank Tensor Space and Spatial Structure Aware Refinement for Better Iris Recognition. IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Academic article
Kong, Zhe; Zhang, Wentian; Liu, Feng; Luo, Wenhan; Liu, Haozhe; Shen, Linlin; Ramachandra, Raghavendra. (2023) Taming Self-Supervised Learning for Presentation Attack Detection: De-Folding and De-Mixing. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems
Academic article
Mandalapu, Hareesh; N, Aravinda Reddy P; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Rao, Krothapalli Sreenivasa; Mitra, Pabitra; Prasanna, S. R. Mahadeva; Busch, Christoph. (2021) Audio-Visual Biometric Recognition and Presentation Attack Detection: A Comprehensive Survey. IEEE Access
Academic literature review
Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Busch, Christoph. (2015) Presentation Attack Detection for Face Recognition Using Light Field Camera. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Academic article
Vetrekar, Narayan; Prabhu, Anish K.; Naik, Aparajita; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Raja, Kiran; Desai, Adavi R.; Gad, Rajendra S.. (2022) Collaborative representation of convolutional neural network features to detect artificial ripening of banana using multispectral imaging. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation
Academic article
Wasnik, Pankaj Shivdayal; Stokkenes, Martin; Dunfjeld, Mihkal; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Raja, Kiran B.; Busch, Christoph. (2018) Baseline Evaluation of Smartphone based Finger-photo Verification System. Norsk Informasjonssikkerhetskonferanse (NISK)
Academic article
Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Busch, Christoph. (2015) Robust Scheme for Iris Presentation Attack Detection Using Multiscale Binarized Statistical Image Features. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
Academic article
Nandanwar, Lokesh; Shivakumara, Palaiahnakote; Jalab, Hamid A.; Ibrahim, Rabha W.; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Pal, Umapada; Lu, Tong; Blumenstein, Michael. (2024) A Conformable Moments-Based Deep Learning System for Forged Handwriting Detection. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems
Academic article
Mandalapu, Hareesh; Reddy, P. N. Aravinda; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Rao, Krothapalli Sreenivasa; Mitra, Pabitra; Prasanna, S. R. Mahadeva; Busch, Christoph. (2021) Multilingual Audio-Visual Smartphone Dataset and Evaluation. IEEE Access
Academic article
Auksorius, Egidijus; Raja, Kiran; Topcu, Berkay; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph; Boccara, Claude A. (2020) Compact and Mobile Full-Field Optical Coherence Tomography Sensor for Subsurface Fingerprint Imaging. IEEE Access
Academic article
Vakhshiteh, Fatemeh; Nickabadi, Ahmad; Ramachandra, Raghavendra. (2021) Adversarial Attacks against Face Recognition: A Comprehensive Study. IEEE Access
Academic article
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Vetrekar, Narayan; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Gad, Rajendra S; Busch, Christoph. (2018) Detecting Disguise Attacks on Multi-spectral Face Recognition Through Spectral Signatures. International Conference on Pattern Recognition
Academic article
Roy, Sangheeta; Shivakumara, Palaiahnakote; Mondal, Prabir; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Pal, Umapada; Lu, Tong. (2015) A new multi-modal technique for bib number/text detection in natural images. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS)
Academic article
Zhang, Haoyu; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Busch, Christoph Günther. (2025) SynMorph: Generating Synthetic Face Morphing Dataset With Mated Samples. IEEE Access
Academic article
Busch, Christoph; Czajka, Adam; Deravi, Farzin; Drozdowski, Pawel; Gomez‐Barrero, Marta; Hasse, Georg; Henniger, Olaf; Kindt, Els; Kolberg, Jascha; Nouak, Alexander. (2021) A response to the European Data Protection Supervisor ‘Misunderstandings in Biometrics’ by the European Association for Biometrics. IET Biometrics
Academic article
Myhrvold, Henning; Zhang, Haoyu; Tapia, Juan; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph Günther. (2023) Explainable Visualization for Morphing Attack Detection. NIKT: Norsk IKT-konferanse for forskning og utdanning
Academic article
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Vetrekar, Narayan; Patwardhan, Sushrut Dattatraya; Venkatesh, Sushma Krupa; Naik, Gauresh; Gad, R.S.. (2025) PCGattnNet: A 3D Point Cloud Dynamic Graph Attention for Generalizable Face Presentation Attack Detection. IEEE Transactions on Biometrics, Behavior, and Identity Science
Academic article
Ahmed, Javed; Yayilgan, Sule Yildirim; Nowostawski, Mariusz; Abomhara, Mohamed Ali Saleh; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Elezaj, Ogerta. (2020) Towards Blockchain-based GDPR-compliant Online Social Networks: Challenges, Opportunities and Way Forward. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing
Academic article
Damer, Naser; Raja, Kiran; Süßmilch, Marius; Venkatesh, Sushma; Boutros, Fadi; Fang, Meiling; Kirchbuchner, Florian; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Kuijiper, Arjan. (2021) Regenmorph: visibly realistic GAN generated face morphing attacks by attack re-generation. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS)
Academic article
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Venkatesh, Sushma Krupa; Busch, Christoph. (2017) Transferable Deep-CNN Features for Detecting Digital and Print-Scanned Morphed Face Images. IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW)
Academic article
Vetrekar, Narayan; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Raja, Kiran; Venkatesh, Sushma; Gad, Rajendra; Busch, Christoph. (2019) Visible to band gender classification: An extensive experimental evaluation based on multi-spectral imaging. IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Academic article
Prajapati, Kalpesh; Chudasama, Vishal; Patel, Heena; Upla, Kishor; Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2021) Direct Unsupervised Super-Resolution Using Generative Adversarial Network (DUS-GAN) for Real-World Data. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Academic article
Chudasama, Vishal; Upla, Kishor; Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2021) Compact and progressive network for enhanced single image super-resolution—ComPrESRNet. The Visual Computer
Academic article
Vetrekar, N.T.; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Gad, R.S.; Naik, G.M.. (2016) Photometric normalization techniques for extended multi-spectral face recognition: A comparative analysis. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS)
Academic article
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Venkatesh, Sushma Krupa; Busch, Christoph. (2017) Collaborative representation of statistically independent filters? response: An application to face recognition under illicit drug abuse alterations. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS)
Academic article
Alonso-Fernandez, Fernando; Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph; Bigun, Josef; Vera-Rodriguez, Ruben; Fierrez, Julian. (2022) Cross-sensor periocular biometrics in a global pandemic: Comparative benchmark and novel multialgorithmic approach. Information Fusion
Academic article
Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2020) Fused Spectral Features in Kernel Weighted Collaborative Representation for Gender Classification Using Ocular Images. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing
Academic article
Montazerian, Arman; Haj Mohammadian Baghban, Mohammad; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Goutianos, Stergios. (2023) A machine learning approach for assessing the compressive strength of cementitious composites reinforced by graphene derivatives. Construction and Building Materials
Academic article
Prabhu, Anish; Naik, Aparajita; Raut, Sakshi; Vetrekar, Narayan; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Gad, R.S.. (2025) Employing Non-Destructive Approach of Spectral Imaging to Detect Artificially Degreened Lemon. IEEE Sensors Letters
Academic article
Qin, Le; Peng, Fei; Long, Min; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2022) Vulnerabilities of Unattended Face Verification Systems to Facial Components-based Presentation Attacks: An Empirical Study. ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security (TOPS)
Academic article
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Damer, Naser; Raja, Kiran; Rattani, Ajita. (2021) Guest Editorial: WACV 2020—Presentation attacks on biometric systems. IET Biometrics
Editorial
Qin, Le; Peng, Fei; Venkatesh, Sushma; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Long, Min; Busch, Christoph. (2021) Low Visual Distortion and Robust Morphing Attacks Based on Partial Face Image Manipulation. IEEE Transactions on Biometrics, Behavior, and Identity Science
Academic article
Li, Hailin; Ramachandra, Raghavendra. (2024) Fingerphoto morphing attack generation using texture descriptors based landmarks. Scientific Reports
Academic article
Busch, Christoph; Deravi, Farzin; Frings, Dinusha; Kindt, Els; Lessmann, Ralph; Nouak, Alexander; Salomon, Jean; Achcar, Mateus; Alonso-Fernandez, Fernando; Bachenheimer, Daniel. (2023) Facilitating free travel in the Schengen area—A position paper by the European Association for Biometrics. IET Biometrics
Academic article
Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Busch, Christoph. (2015) Exploring the Usefulness of Light Field Camera for Biometrics : An Empirical Study on Face and Iris Recognition. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
Academic article
Liu, Xinwei; Raja, Kiran; Wang, Renfang; Qiu, Hong; Wu, Hucheng; Sun, Dechao; Zheng, Qiguang; Liu, Nian; Wang, Xiaoxia; Huang, Gehang. (2024) A Latent Fingerprint in the Wild Database. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
Academic article

Books

Reddy, Arvind; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Rao, Krothapalli Sreenivasa; Mitra, Pabitra. (2023) MLSD-GAN - Generating Strong High Quality Face Morphing Attacks using Latent Semantic Disentanglement. IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
Anthology
Vetrekar, Narayan; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Gaonkar, Aniketh; Gad, Rajendra. (2023) Towards the Influence of Eyeglasses on the Cross-spectral Periocular Verification: Does Eyeglass Detection Improve Verification Performance?. ACM Publications
Anthology
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Venkatesh, Sushma; Li, Guoqiang; Raja, Kiran. (2023) Differential Newborn Face Morphing Attack Detection using Wavelet Scatter Network. IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
Anthology
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Venkatesh, Sushma; Jaswal, Gaurav; Li, Guoqiang. (2023) Vulnerability of Face Morphing Attacks: A Case Study on Lookalike and Identical Twins. IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
Anthology
Kabbani, Wassim Hassan; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph Günther. (2024) Radial Distortion in Face Images: Detection and Impact. IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
Anthology
Das, Soumik; palaiahnakote, Shivakumara; Pal, Umapada; Ramachandra, Raghavendra. (2023) Gaussian Kernels Based Network for Multiple License Plate Number Detection in Day-Night Images. Springer Nature
Anthology
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Li, Hailin. (2023) 2023 IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision Workshops (WACVW). IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
Anthology

Part of book/report

Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Busch, Christoph. (2015) Presentation Attack Detection Algorithms for Finger Vein Biometrics: A Comprehensive Study.
Academic chapter
Tome, P.; Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Busch, Christoph; Tirunagari, Santosh; Poh, Norman; Shekar, B. H.; Gragnaniello, D.; Sansone, Carlo; Verdoliva, L.; Marcel, S.. (2015) The 1st Competition on Counter Measures to Finger Vein Spoofing Attacks.
Academic chapter
Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Busch, Christoph. (2015) Time-Frequency Features of Laplacian Decomposition.
Academic chapter
Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Busch, Christoph; Mondal, Soumik. (2014) An Empirical Study of Smartphone Based Iris Recognition in Visible Spectrum.
Academic chapter
Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Busch, Christoph. (2014) Robust palmprint verification using sparse representation of binarized statistical features: a comprehensive study.
Academic chapter
Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Stokkenes, Martin; Busch, Christoph. (2014) Smartphone Authentication System Using Periocular Biometrics.
Academic chapter
Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Yang, Bian; Busch, Christoph. (2013) Combining Iris and Periocular Recognition using Light Field Camera.
Academic chapter
Wasnik, Pankaj Shivdayal; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2017) Assessing Face Image Quality for Smartphone based Face Recognition System.
Academic chapter
Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Surbiryala, Jayachander; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Busch, Christoph. (2014) Novel Finger Vascular Pattern Imaging Device for Robust Biometric Verification.
Academic chapter
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Venkatesh, Sushma Krupa; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Busch, Christoph. (2017) Transferable deep convolutional neural network features for fingervein presentation attack detection.
Academic chapter
Scherhag, Ulrich; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Gomez-Barrero, Marta; Rathgeb, Christian; Busch, Christoph. (2017) On the Vulnerability of Face Recognition Systems Towards Morphed Face Attacks.
Academic chapter
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Venkatesh, Sushma; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Busch, Christoph. (2019) Towards making Morphing Attack Detection robust using hybrid Scale-Space Colour Texture Features.
Academic chapter
Wasnik, Pankaj Shivdayal; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2017) Presentation Attack Detection in Face Biometric Systems Using Raw Sensor Data from Smartphones.
Academic chapter
Venkatesh, Sushma; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bours, Patrick. (2019) Robust Algorithm for Multimodal Deception Detection.
Academic chapter
Wasnik, Pankaj Shivdayal; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Busch, Christoph. (2019) An Empirical Evaluation of Deep Architectures on Generalization of Smartphone-based Face Image Quality Assessment.
Academic chapter
Das, Abhijit; Galdi, Chiara; Han, Hu; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Dugelay, Jean-Luc; Dantcheva, An-titza. (2019) Recent Advances in Biometric Technology for Mobile Devices.
Academic chapter
Venkatesh, Sushma; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Busch, Christoph. (2019) A New Multi-spectral Iris Acquisition Sensor for Biometric Verification and Presentation Attack Detection.
Academic chapter
Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2019) Towards Reducing the Error Rates in Template Protection for Iris Recognition Using Custom Cuckoo Filters.
Academic chapter
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Marcel, Sebastien; Busch, Christoph. (2017) Face Presentation Attack Detection Across Spectrum using Time-Frequency Descriptors of Maximal Response in Laplacian Scale-Space.
Academic chapter
Raja, Kiran B.; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2018) Manifold-Structure Preserving Biometric Templates - A Preliminary Study On Fully Cancelable Smartphone Biometric Templates.
Academic chapter
Raja, Kiran B.; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2018) Towards Protected and Cancelable Multi-Spectral Face Templates Using Feature Fusion and Kernalized Hashing.
Academic chapter
Vetrekar, Narayan; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Gad, R.S.; Busch, Christoph. (2017) Collaborative Representation of Grassmann Manifold Projection Metric for Robust Multi-spectral Face Recognition.
Non-fiction chapter
Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Busch, Christoph. (2015) Improved Face Recognition by Combining Information from Multiple Cameras in Automatic Border Control System.
Academic chapter
Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Yang, Bian; Busch, Christoph. (2013) Improved face recognition at a distance using light field camera & super resolution schemes.
Academic chapter
Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Busch, Christoph; Yang, Bian. (2013) Scaling-Robust Fingerprint Verification with Smartphone Camera in Real-life Scenarios.
Academic chapter
Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Pflug, Anika; Yang, Bian; Busch, Christoph. (2013) 3D face reconstruction and multimodal person identification from video captured using smartphone camera.
Academic chapter
Li, Guoqiang; Yang, Bian; Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Busch, Christoph. (2012) Testing Mobile Phone Camera Based Fingerprint Recognition under Real-Life Scenarios.
Academic chapter
Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Surbiryala, Jayachander; Busch, Christoph. (2015) An efficient finger vein indexing scheme based on unsupervised clustering.
Academic chapter
Surbiryala, Jayachander; Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Busch, Christoph. (2015) Finger vein indexing based on binary features.
Academic chapter
Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Surbiryala, Jayachander; Busch, Christoph. (2015) Hand Dorsal Vein Recognition: Sensor, Algorithms and Evaluation.
Academic chapter
Singh, Jag Mohan; Venkatesh, Sushma Krupa; Ramachandra, Raghavendra. (2023) Robust Face Morphing Attack Detection Using Fusion of Multiple Features and Classification Techniques.
Academic chapter
Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Yang, Bian; Busch, Christoph. (2013) GUCLF: a new light field face database.
Academic chapter
Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Yang, Bian; Busch, Christoph. (2012) Accurate face detection in video based on likelihood assessment.
Academic chapter
Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Yang, Bian; Busch, Christoph. (2013) A Novel Image Fusion Scheme For Robust Multiple Face Recognition With Light-field Camera.
Academic chapter
Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Busch, Christoph. (2015) Exploring dorsal finger vein pattern for robust person recognition.
Academic chapter
Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Yang, Bian; Busch, Christoph. (2013) Robust “On-the-Fly” person identification using Sparse Representation.
Academic chapter
Chudasama, Vishal; Patel, Heena; Prajapati, Kalpesh; Upla, Kishor; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Busch, Christoph. (2020) TherISuRNet-A Computationally Efficient Thermal Image Super-Resolution Network.
Academic chapter
Boutros, Fadi; Damer, Naser; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Kirchbuchner, Florian; Kuijper, Arjan. (2020) Periocular Biometrics in Head-Mounted Displays: A Sample Selection Approach for Better Recognition.
Academic chapter
Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Stokkenes, Martin; Busch, Christoph. (2015) Multi-modal Authentication System for Smartphones Using Face, Iris and Periocular.
Academic chapter
Boutros, Fadi; Damer, Naser; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Kirchbuchner, Florian; Kuijper, Arjan. (2020) Fusing Iris and Periocular Region for User Verification in Head Mounted Displays.
Academic chapter
Veldhuis, Raymond N.J.; Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra. (2019) A likelihood ratio classifier for histogram features.
Academic chapter
Raghavendra, Rachamandra. (2012) Sparse Representation for Accurate Person Recognition Using Hand Vein Biometrics.
Academic chapter
Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2016) Cross-Spectrum Periocular Authentication for NIR and Visible Images Using Bank of Statistical Filters.
Academic chapter
Khodabakhsh, Ali; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Wasnik, Pankaj Shivdayal; Busch, Christoph. (2018) Fake Face Detection Methods: Can They Be Generalized?.
Academic chapter
Rai, Aashish; Chudasama, Vishal; Upla, Kishor; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2020) ComSupResNet: A Compact Super-Resolution Network for Low-Resolution Face Images.
Academic chapter
Prajapati, Kalpesh; Chudasama, Vishal; Patel, Heena; Upla, Kishor; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Busch, Christoph. (2020) Unsupervised single image super-resolution network (usisresnet) for real-world data using generative adversarial network.
Academic chapter
Vetrekar, Narayan; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Raja, Kiran; Gad, Rajendra S. (2019) Multi-spectral Imaging To Detect Artificial Ripening Of Banana: A Comprehensive Empirical Study.
Academic chapter
Venkatesh, Sushma; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Raja, Kiran; Spreeuwers, Luuk; Veldhuis, Raymond N.J.; Busch, Christoph. (2019) Morphed Face Detection Based on Deep Color Residual Noise.
Academic chapter
Nag, Sauradip; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Shivakumara, Palaiahnakote; Pal, Umapada; Lu, Tong; Kankanhalli, Mohan S.. (2019) CRNN Based Jersey-Bib Number/Text Recognition in Sports and Marathon Images.
Academic chapter
Vetrekar, Narayan; Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Gad, R.S.; Busch, Christoph. (2018) Multi-spectral Imaging For Robust Ocular Biometrics.
Academic chapter
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Venkatesh, Sushma; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Busch, Christoph. (2018) A low-cost Multi-Fingervein Verification System.
Academic chapter
Raja, Kiran; Damer, Naser; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Boutros, Fadi; Busch, Christoph. (2019) Cross-Spectral Periocular Recognition by Cascaded Spectral Image Transformation.
Academic chapter
Mandalapu, Hareesh; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2019) Empirical Evaluation of Texture-Based Print and Contact Lens Iris Presentation Attack Detection Methods.
Academic chapter
Mandalapu, Hareesh; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2019) Image Quality and Texture-Based Features for Reliable Textured Contact Lens Detection.
Academic chapter
Wasnik, Pankaj Shivdayal; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Stokkenes, Martin; Raja, Kiran B.; Busch, Christoph. (2018) Improved Fingerphoto Verification System Using Multi-scale Second Order Local Structures.
Academic chapter
Zhang, Haoyu; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph Günther. (2023) Face Presentation Attack Detection Using Remote Photoplethysmography Transformer Model.
Academic chapter
Xu, Ying; Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2022) Adversarial Attacks on Face Recognition Systems.
Non-fiction chapter
Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Raghavendra, Ramachandra; Busch, Christoph. (2016) Biometric recognition of surgically altered periocular region: A comprehensive study.
Academic chapter
Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Busch, Christoph. (2014) Smartphone Based Robust Iris Recognition in Visible Spectrum using Clustered K-means Features.
Academic chapter
Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Yang, Bian; Busch, Christoph. (2013) Comparative Evaluation of Super-Resolution Techniques For Multi-Face Recognition Using Light-Field Camera.
Academic chapter
Vetrekar, Narayan; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Gad, R.S.; Busch, Christoph. (2017) Extended Multi-spectral Imaging For Gender Classification Based On Image Set.
Academic chapter
Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Wasnik, Pankaj Shivdayal; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2017) Robust face presentation attack detection on smartphones : An approach based on variable focus.
Academic chapter
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Venkatesh, Sushma Krupa; Busch, Christoph. (2017) Face morphing versus face averaging: Vulnerability and detection.
Academic chapter
Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Alaya Cheikh, Faouzi; Busch, Christoph. (2015) Evaluation of Fusion Approaches for Face Recognition using Light Field Cameras.
Academic chapter
Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Stokkenes, Martin; Busch, Christoph. (2015) Fusion of Face and Periocular Information for Improved Authentication on Smartphones.
Academic chapter
Vetrekar, N.T.; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Gad, R.S.. (2016) Low-cost Multi-spectral Face Imaging For Robust Face Recognition.
Academic chapter
Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Busch, Christoph. (2015) Iris imaging in visible spectrum using white LED.
Academic chapter
Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Avinash, Manasa; Marcel, Sebastien; Busch, Christoph. (2015) Finger vein liveness detection using motion magnification.
Academic chapter
Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Busch, Christoph. (2015) Presentation attack detection using Laplacian decomposed frequency response for visible spectrum and Near-Infra-Red iris systems.
Academic chapter
Sequeira, Ana F; Chen, Lulu; Ferryman, James; Wild, Peter; Alonso-Fernandez, Fernando; Bigun, Josef; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph; Pereira, Tiago de Freitas. (2017) Cross-Eyed 2017: Cross-Spectral Iris/Periocular Recognition Competition.
Academic chapter
Stokkenes, Martin; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Sigaard, Morten; Busch, Christoph. (2017) Feature Level Fused Templates for Multi-Biometric System on Smartphones.
Academic chapter
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Venkatesh, Sushma Krupa; Busch, Christoph. (2017) Extended multispectral face presentation attack detection: An approach based on fusing information from individual spectral bands.
Academic chapter
Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Yang, Bian; Busch, Christoph. (2013) Multi-face recognition at a distance using light-field camera.
Academic chapter
Kabbani, Wassim Hassan; Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2024) Demographic Variability in Face Image Quality Measures.
Academic chapter
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Venkatesh, Sushma; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Bhattacharjee, Sushil; Wasnik, Pankaj Shivdayal; Marcel, Sebastien; Busch, Christoph. (2019) Custom Silicone Face Masks: Vulnerability of Commercial Face Recognition Systems and Presentation Attack Detection.
Academic chapter
Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Auksorius, Egidijus; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Boccara, A. Claude; Busch, Christoph. (2017) Robust Veriﬁcation With Subsurface Fingerprint Recognition Using Full Field Optical Coherence Tomography.
Academic chapter
Kabbani, Wassim Hassan; Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2024) Eye Sclera for Fair Face Image Quality Assessment.
Academic chapter
Khodabakhsh, Ali; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2019) Subjective Evaluation of Media Consumer Vulnerability to Fake Audiovisual Content.
Academic chapter
Raghavendra, Rachamandra. (2012) PSO Based Framework for Weighted Feature Level Fusion of Face and Palmprint.
Academic chapter
Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Busch, Christoph. (2015) Face Image Resolution Enhancement based on Weighted Fusion of Wavelet Decomposition.
Academic chapter
Mandalapu, Hareesh; Elbo, Thomas Møller; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2021) Cross-lingual Speaker Verification: Evaluation On X-Vector Method.
Academic chapter
Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Yang, Bian; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Busch, Christoph. (2013) A New Perspective - Face Recognition with Light-Field Camera.
Academic chapter
Singh, Jag Mohan; Wasnik, Pankaj Shivdayal; Ramachandra, Raghavendra. (2018) Hessian-based Robust Ray-Tracing of Implicit Surfaces on GPU.
Academic chapter
Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Busch, Christoph. (2014) Presentation attack detection algorithm for face and iris biometrics.
Academic chapter
Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Busch, Christoph. (2014) Presentation attack detection on visible spectrum iris recognition by exploring inherent characteristics of Light Field Camera.
Academic chapter
Wasnik, Pankaj Shivdayal; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Busch, Christoph. (2018) Subjective Logic Based Score Level Fusion: Combining Faces and Fingerprints.
Academic chapter
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Venkatesh, Sushma; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Busch, Christoph. (2018) Transgender Face Recognition with Off-the-shelf Pre-trained CNNs: A comprehensive study.
Academic chapter
Mandalapu, Hareesh; Busch, Christoph; Ramachandra, Raghavendra. (2021) Multilingual Voice Impersonation Dataset and Evaluation.
Academic chapter
Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Yang, Bian; Busch, Christoph. (2014) Automatic Face Quality Assessment from Video using Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix: An Empirical Study on Automatic Border Control System.
Academic chapter
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Venkatesh, Sushma; Hegde, Sneha; Dandappanavar, Shreedhar; Busch, Christoph. (2018) Verifying the Newborns without Infection Risks Using Contactless Palmprints.
Academic chapter
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Venkatesh, Sushma; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Wasnik, Pankaj Shivdayal; Stokkenes, Martin; Busch, Christoph. (2018) Fusion of Multi-Scale Local Phase Quantization Features for Face Presentation Attack Detection.
Academic chapter
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Vetrekar, Narayan; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Gad, Rajendra S; Busch, Christoph. (2018) Robust gender classification using extended multi-spectral imaging by exploring the spectral angle mapper.
Academic chapter
Tapia, Juan E.; Busch, Christoph Günther; Zhang, Haoyu; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran. (2023) Simulating Print/Scan Textures for Morphing Attack Detection.
Academic chapter
Zhang, Haoyu; Grimmer, Marcel; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Busch, Christoph. (2021) On the Applicability of Synthetic Data for Face Recognition.
Academic chapter
Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Alaya Cheikh, Faouzi; Yang, Bian; Busch, Christoph. (2013) Robust iris recognition using light-field camera.
Academic chapter
Vetrekar, Narayan; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Gad, Rajendra S. (2019) Detecting Glass in Ocular Region Based on Grassmann Manifold Projection Metric Learning by Exploring Spectral Imaging.
Academic chapter
Chowdhury, Tamal; Shivakumara, Palaiahnakote; Pal, Umapada; Lu, Tong; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Chanda, Sukalpa. (2021) DCINN: Deformable Convolution and Inception Based Neural Network for Tattoo Text Detection Through Skin Region.
Academic chapter
Khodabakhsh, Ali; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2018) A Taxonomy of Audiovisual Fake Multimedia Content Creation Technology.
Academic chapter
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Li, Hailin. (2023) Finger-NestNet: Interpretable Fingerphoto Verification on Smartphone using Deep Nested Residual Network.
Academic chapter
Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Raghavendra, Ramachandra; Busch, Christoph. (2016) Dynamic Scale Selected Laplacian Decomposed Frequency Response for Cross-Smartphone Periocular Verification in Visible Spectrum.
Academic chapter
Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Raghavendra, Ramachandra; Busch, Christoph. (2016) Weighted Comparison Score Fusion for Accurate Verification of Surgically Altered Periocular Region.
Academic chapter
Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Busch, Christoph. (2017) Scale-level score fusion of steered pyramid features for cross-spectral periocular verification.
Academic chapter
Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Busch, Christoph. (2014) Binarized statistical features for improved iris and periocular recognition in visible spectrum.
Academic chapter
Wasnik, Pankaj Shivdayal; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Raghavendra, Ramachandra; Busch, Christoph. (2016) Eye region based multibiometric fusion to mitigate the effects of body weight variations in face recognition.
Academic chapter
Narayan Tulshidas, Vetrekar; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Gad, R.S.; Busch, Christoph. (2017) Extended Spectral To Visible Comparison Based On Spectral Band Selection Method For Robust Face Recognition.
Academic chapter
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Venkatesh, Sushma Krupa; Alaya Cheikh, Faouzi; Busch, Christoph. (2017) On the Vulnerability of Extended Multispectral Face Recognition Systems Towards Presentation Attacks.
Academic chapter
Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Raghavendra, Ramachandra; Busch, Christoph. (2016) Collaborative representation of deep sparse filtered features for robust verification of smartphone periocular images.
Academic chapter
Raghavendra, Rachamandra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Surbiryala, Jayachander; Busch, Christoph. (2014) A low-cost multimodal Biometric Sensor to capture Finger Vein and Fingerprint.
Academic chapter
Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Bylappa Raja, Kiran; Busch, Christoph. (2017) ContlensNet: Robust Iris Contact Lens Detection Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks.
Academic chapter

Report

Li, Hailin; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Narayan Tulshidas, Vetrekar; Gad, R.S.. (2025) On the Feasibility of Detecting Fingerphoto Presentation Attacks using Multimodal Large Language Models. 2025 IEEE International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB)
Conference report
Li, Hailin; Ramachandra, Raghavendra. (2024) Does Capture Background Influence the Accuracy of the Deep Learning Based Fingerphoto Presentation Attack Detection Techniques?. IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV) Workshops.
Conference report
Li, Hailin; Ramachandra, Raghavendra. (2023) Deep Features for Contactless Fingerprint Presentation Attack Detection: Can They Be Generalized?. Springer
Conference report
Li, Hailin; Ramachandra, Raghavendra; Ragab, Mohamed; Mondal, Soumik; Tan, Yong Kiam; Aung, Khin Mi Mi. (2024) Unsupervised Fingerphoto Presentation Attack Detection With Diffusion Models. IEEE International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB 2024)
Conference report

Student thesis or dissertation

Bora, Revoti Prasad; Raja, Kiran; Terhörst, Philipp; Veldhuis, Raymond Nicolaas Johan; Ramachandra, Raghavendra. (2026) Consistency in XAI: Estimating and Mitigating Inconsistency in Post-hoc Explanations. Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet
Doctoral thesis
Khodabakhsh, Ali; Busch, Christoph; Ramachandra, Raghavendra. (2021) Automated Authentication of Audiovisual Contents: A Biometric Approach. Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet
Doctoral thesis

Teaching

Courses

Outreach