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Leon De Beer

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Leon De Beer

Associate Professor
Department of Psychology

leondeb@ntnu.no
Bygg 12 Dragvoll, Trondheim
ResearchGate Google Scholar
About Research Publications Teaching Outreach

About

Member of the International Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT) Research Consortium.

My research philosophy is that of a pragmatist, and my research mostly focuses on burnout and work engagement in the occupational context. I am also keenly interested in psychometrics with latent variable modelling – including (bifactor) exploratory structural equation modelling [ESEM].

Finally, I believe that measurement invariance and cross-cultural validity are much more important than people believe when it comes to research and that certain subgroups/cultures/types may interpret items differently. Therefore, this must be tested in logical groups whenever feasible to ensure accurate conclusions.

I am open to both local and international collaboration, and you are welcome to contact me.

Competencies

  • Burnout
  • JOB-RELATED DISTRESS
  • Psychological distress
  • Work and organisational psychology

Research

  • MAD-OHP
  • Healthy Workplaces

Publications

  • Chronological
  • By category
  • All publications registered in NVA

2026

  • Isaksson, Sebastian; Beer, Leon T. De; Bianchi, Renzo. (2026) Validation of the Swedish Version of the Occupational Anxiety Inventory. Stress and Health
    Academic article
  • Toyama, Hiroyuki; Bianchi, Renzo; Bakker, Arnold B.; Beer, Leon T. De; Yajima, Jumpei; Iwano, Suguru. (2026) Longitudinal validation of the Occupational Depression Inventory in Japan. Work & Stress - An International Journal of Work, Health & Organisations
    Academic article

2025

  • Roll, Lara Christina; Probst, Tahira M.; Beer, Leon Tielman de; Tu, Yan; Wang, Hai Jiang; Witte, Hans De. (2025) Occupation Insecurity Due to Automation: Validation of the Occupation Insecurity Scale Across Four Countries. Journal of business and psychology
    Academic article
  • Maunz, Lucas A.; Beer, Leon Tielman de; Batinic, Bernad; Seubert, Christian; Glaser, Jürgen. (2025) Revisiting the stressor–burnout relationship: Evidence for reverse causation and conditional change. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology
    Academic article
  • Gynning, Britta E.; Beer, Leon T. De; Karlsson, Elin; Teoh, Kevin; Gustavsson, Per; Ekberg, Kerstin. (2025) Relative impact of psychosocial factors on burnout across healthcare professional roles. Occupational Medicine
    Academic article
  • Bianchi, Renzo; Beer, Leon T. De; Engelbrecht, Gerhard J.; Vaart, Leoni van der; Schonfeld, Irvin Sam. (2025) The occupational anxiety inventory: A new measure of job-related distress. International Journal of Stress Management
    Academic article
  • Vaart, Leoni van der; Beer, Leon T. De; Witte, Hans De; Schaufeli, Wilmar B.. (2025) Intra-syndrome dynamics of burnout: Cross-lagged relations among core components. International Journal of Stress Management
    Academic article
  • Brulin, Emma; Wilczek, Alexander; Ekberg, Kerstin; Lidwall, Ulrik; Beer, Leon T. De; Hadzibajramovic, Emina. (2025) Predictive value of burnout complaints and depressive symptoms for medically certified sickness absence among physicians in Sweden: a 1 year follow-up observational study. BMJ Open
    Academic article
  • Smit, Jorina; Mostert, Karina; Toit, Charlize du; Beer, Leon T. De; Bakker, Arnoldus Bastiaan. (2025) Psychometric Properties of the MBI-SS for South African university students. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology
    Academic article
  • Brand, Christiaan P.; Mostert, Karina; Toit, Charlize Du; Beer, Leon T. De; Bakker, Arnold B.. (2025) Psychometric properties of the UWES-S for South African university students. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology
    Academic article
  • Beer, Leon T. De; Schaufeli, Wilmar B.. (2025) Burnout reflections: musings on Bianchi and Schonfeld’s five focal areas. Occupational Medicine
    Reader opinion piece

2024

  • Beer, Leon Tielman De; Schaufeli, Wilmar B.; Witte, Hans De; Hakanen, Jari; Kaltiainen, Janne; Glaser, Jürgen. (2024) Revisiting a Global Burnout Score with the Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT) Across Nine Country Samples. European Journal of Psychological Assessment
    Academic article
  • Beer, Leon Tielman de; Vaart, Leoni van der; Uziel, L.. (2024) Should Positive Psychology Researchers Control for Response Style?. International Journal of Applied Positive Psychology
    Academic article
  • Scholtz, Salome E.; Hill, Carin; Beer, Leon Tielman De. (2024) Personality, job burnout, and somatic complaints: A structural model in a South African sample. SA Journal of Human Resource Management
    Academic article
  • Tonder, Estelle Van; Beer, Leon Tielman De. (2024) Promoting continued green helping behaviour: revisiting attribution theory. Journal of Contemporary Management
    Academic article
  • Mostert, Karina; Beer, Leon Tielman de; Beer, Ronalda De. (2024) Invariance and item bias of the Mental Health Continuum Short-Form for South African university first-year students. African Journal of Psychological Assessment (AJOPA)
    Academic article
  • Beer, Leon Tielman de; Schaufeli, Wilmar B.. (2024) Casting a Wider Net: On the Utilitarian Nature of Burnout Assessment in the Workplace. Evaluation & the Health Professions
    Academic article
  • Botha, Leon G.; Fouché, Jaco; Beer, Leon Tielman De. (2024) A model linking financial well-being and burnout in a South African engineering organisation. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology
    Academic article
  • Harrilall, Savina; Beer, Leon Tielman De. (2024) The Impact of (In)Civility on Selected Individual and Organisational Outcomes in Financial Services. SA Journal of Human Resource Management
    Academic article
  • Bianchi, Renzo; Schonfeld, Irvin Sam; Sowden, James Francis; Cavalcante, Danísio C.; Queirós, Cristina; Hebel, Vera Maria. (2024) Measurement invariance of the Occupational Depression Inventory: a study of 12,589 participants across 14 countries. Work & Stress - An International Journal of Work, Health & Organisations
    Academic article
  • Zyl, Llewellyn E. van; Shankland, Rebecca; Klibert, Jeff; Verger, Nicolas B.; Rothmann, Sebastiaan; Cho, Vincent. (2024) The study demands and resources scale: psychometric properties, longitudinal invariance, and criterion validity. Frontiers in Education
    Academic article
  • Beer, Leon Tielman de; Hakanen, Jari J.; Schaufeli, Wilmar B.; Witte, Hans De; Glaser, Jürgen; Kaltiainen, Janne. (2024) The burnout-depression conundrum: investigating construct-relevant multidimensionality across four countries and four patient samples. Psychology and Health
    Academic article
  • Golonka, Krystyna; Malysheva, Karine O.; Fortuna, Dominika; Gulla, Bożena; Lytvyn, Serhii; Beer, Leon Tielman de. (2024) A validation study of the Occupational Depression Inventory in Poland and Ukraine. Scientific Reports
    Academic article
  • Beer, Leon de; Vaart, Leoni Van der; Escaffi-Schwarz, Maximiliano; Witte, Hans De; Schaufeli, Wilmar B.. (2024) Maslach Burnout Inventory - General Survey: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Measurement Properties. European Journal of Psychological Assessment
    Academic literature review

2023

  • Beer, Leon de; Christensen, Marit; Sørengaard, Torhild Anita; Innstrand, Siw Tone; Schaufeli, Wilmar B.. (2023) The psychometric properties of the Burnout Assessment Tool in Norway: A thorough investigation into construct-relevant multidimensionality. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology
    Academic article
  • Joubert, Janet; Jacobs, Melissa; Beer, Leon de. (2023) Work engagement mediation of job security, job embeddedness, and turnover intention within the South African mining sector. Journal of Psychology in Africa
    Academic article
  • Barnard, Neil B.; Rothmann, Sebastiaan; Beer, Leon de; Lubbe, Welma. (2023) Burnout of emergency nurses in a South African context: the role of job demands and resources, and capabilities. Frontiers in Psychology
    Academic article
  • Barnard, Neil B.; Rothmann, Sebastiaan; Beer, Leon de; Lubbe, Welma. (2023) Sustainable Employability of Emergency Nurses: The Effects of Precarious Work and Mental Toughness on Capabilities and Mental Health. Journal of Nursing Management
    Academic article
  • Barnard, Neil B.; Rothmann, Sebastiaan; Beer, Leon de; Lubbe, Welma. (2023) Emergency Nurses’ Job Demands-Resources Profiles and Capabilities: Effects on Performance and Intention to Leave. Sustainability
    Academic article

Journal publications

  • Isaksson, Sebastian; Beer, Leon T. De; Bianchi, Renzo. (2026) Validation of the Swedish Version of the Occupational Anxiety Inventory. Stress and Health
    Academic article
  • Toyama, Hiroyuki; Bianchi, Renzo; Bakker, Arnold B.; Beer, Leon T. De; Yajima, Jumpei; Iwano, Suguru. (2026) Longitudinal validation of the Occupational Depression Inventory in Japan. Work & Stress - An International Journal of Work, Health & Organisations
    Academic article
  • Roll, Lara Christina; Probst, Tahira M.; Beer, Leon Tielman de; Tu, Yan; Wang, Hai Jiang; Witte, Hans De. (2025) Occupation Insecurity Due to Automation: Validation of the Occupation Insecurity Scale Across Four Countries. Journal of business and psychology
    Academic article
  • Maunz, Lucas A.; Beer, Leon Tielman de; Batinic, Bernad; Seubert, Christian; Glaser, Jürgen. (2025) Revisiting the stressor–burnout relationship: Evidence for reverse causation and conditional change. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology
    Academic article
  • Gynning, Britta E.; Beer, Leon T. De; Karlsson, Elin; Teoh, Kevin; Gustavsson, Per; Ekberg, Kerstin. (2025) Relative impact of psychosocial factors on burnout across healthcare professional roles. Occupational Medicine
    Academic article
  • Bianchi, Renzo; Beer, Leon T. De; Engelbrecht, Gerhard J.; Vaart, Leoni van der; Schonfeld, Irvin Sam. (2025) The occupational anxiety inventory: A new measure of job-related distress. International Journal of Stress Management
    Academic article
  • Vaart, Leoni van der; Beer, Leon T. De; Witte, Hans De; Schaufeli, Wilmar B.. (2025) Intra-syndrome dynamics of burnout: Cross-lagged relations among core components. International Journal of Stress Management
    Academic article
  • Brulin, Emma; Wilczek, Alexander; Ekberg, Kerstin; Lidwall, Ulrik; Beer, Leon T. De; Hadzibajramovic, Emina. (2025) Predictive value of burnout complaints and depressive symptoms for medically certified sickness absence among physicians in Sweden: a 1 year follow-up observational study. BMJ Open
    Academic article
  • Smit, Jorina; Mostert, Karina; Toit, Charlize du; Beer, Leon T. De; Bakker, Arnoldus Bastiaan. (2025) Psychometric Properties of the MBI-SS for South African university students. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology
    Academic article
  • Brand, Christiaan P.; Mostert, Karina; Toit, Charlize Du; Beer, Leon T. De; Bakker, Arnold B.. (2025) Psychometric properties of the UWES-S for South African university students. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology
    Academic article
  • Beer, Leon T. De; Schaufeli, Wilmar B.. (2025) Burnout reflections: musings on Bianchi and Schonfeld’s five focal areas. Occupational Medicine
    Reader opinion piece
  • Beer, Leon Tielman De; Schaufeli, Wilmar B.; Witte, Hans De; Hakanen, Jari; Kaltiainen, Janne; Glaser, Jürgen. (2024) Revisiting a Global Burnout Score with the Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT) Across Nine Country Samples. European Journal of Psychological Assessment
    Academic article
  • Beer, Leon Tielman de; Vaart, Leoni van der; Uziel, L.. (2024) Should Positive Psychology Researchers Control for Response Style?. International Journal of Applied Positive Psychology
    Academic article
  • Scholtz, Salome E.; Hill, Carin; Beer, Leon Tielman De. (2024) Personality, job burnout, and somatic complaints: A structural model in a South African sample. SA Journal of Human Resource Management
    Academic article
  • Tonder, Estelle Van; Beer, Leon Tielman De. (2024) Promoting continued green helping behaviour: revisiting attribution theory. Journal of Contemporary Management
    Academic article
  • Mostert, Karina; Beer, Leon Tielman de; Beer, Ronalda De. (2024) Invariance and item bias of the Mental Health Continuum Short-Form for South African university first-year students. African Journal of Psychological Assessment (AJOPA)
    Academic article
  • Beer, Leon Tielman de; Schaufeli, Wilmar B.. (2024) Casting a Wider Net: On the Utilitarian Nature of Burnout Assessment in the Workplace. Evaluation & the Health Professions
    Academic article
  • Botha, Leon G.; Fouché, Jaco; Beer, Leon Tielman De. (2024) A model linking financial well-being and burnout in a South African engineering organisation. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology
    Academic article
  • Harrilall, Savina; Beer, Leon Tielman De. (2024) The Impact of (In)Civility on Selected Individual and Organisational Outcomes in Financial Services. SA Journal of Human Resource Management
    Academic article
  • Bianchi, Renzo; Schonfeld, Irvin Sam; Sowden, James Francis; Cavalcante, Danísio C.; Queirós, Cristina; Hebel, Vera Maria. (2024) Measurement invariance of the Occupational Depression Inventory: a study of 12,589 participants across 14 countries. Work & Stress - An International Journal of Work, Health & Organisations
    Academic article
  • Zyl, Llewellyn E. van; Shankland, Rebecca; Klibert, Jeff; Verger, Nicolas B.; Rothmann, Sebastiaan; Cho, Vincent. (2024) The study demands and resources scale: psychometric properties, longitudinal invariance, and criterion validity. Frontiers in Education
    Academic article
  • Beer, Leon Tielman de; Hakanen, Jari J.; Schaufeli, Wilmar B.; Witte, Hans De; Glaser, Jürgen; Kaltiainen, Janne. (2024) The burnout-depression conundrum: investigating construct-relevant multidimensionality across four countries and four patient samples. Psychology and Health
    Academic article
  • Golonka, Krystyna; Malysheva, Karine O.; Fortuna, Dominika; Gulla, Bożena; Lytvyn, Serhii; Beer, Leon Tielman de. (2024) A validation study of the Occupational Depression Inventory in Poland and Ukraine. Scientific Reports
    Academic article
  • Beer, Leon de; Vaart, Leoni Van der; Escaffi-Schwarz, Maximiliano; Witte, Hans De; Schaufeli, Wilmar B.. (2024) Maslach Burnout Inventory - General Survey: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Measurement Properties. European Journal of Psychological Assessment
    Academic literature review
  • Beer, Leon de; Christensen, Marit; Sørengaard, Torhild Anita; Innstrand, Siw Tone; Schaufeli, Wilmar B.. (2023) The psychometric properties of the Burnout Assessment Tool in Norway: A thorough investigation into construct-relevant multidimensionality. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology
    Academic article
  • Joubert, Janet; Jacobs, Melissa; Beer, Leon de. (2023) Work engagement mediation of job security, job embeddedness, and turnover intention within the South African mining sector. Journal of Psychology in Africa
    Academic article
  • Barnard, Neil B.; Rothmann, Sebastiaan; Beer, Leon de; Lubbe, Welma. (2023) Burnout of emergency nurses in a South African context: the role of job demands and resources, and capabilities. Frontiers in Psychology
    Academic article
  • Barnard, Neil B.; Rothmann, Sebastiaan; Beer, Leon de; Lubbe, Welma. (2023) Sustainable Employability of Emergency Nurses: The Effects of Precarious Work and Mental Toughness on Capabilities and Mental Health. Journal of Nursing Management
    Academic article
  • Barnard, Neil B.; Rothmann, Sebastiaan; Beer, Leon de; Lubbe, Welma. (2023) Emergency Nurses’ Job Demands-Resources Profiles and Capabilities: Effects on Performance and Intention to Leave. Sustainability
    Academic article

Teaching

Courses

  • PSY3138 - Personnel Psychology and Assessment
  • PSY3913 - Master Thesis in Work and Organisational Psychology

Outreach

2025

  • Academic lecture
    Beer, Leon Tielman de; Engelbrecht, Gerhard; Vaart, Leoni van der; Jacobs, Melissa; Schonfeld, Irvin; Bianchi, Renzo. (2025) Introducing the Occupational Anxiety Inventory: Cross-Cultural Validation in Norway and South Africa. EAWOP 2025 Congress , Prague, Czech Republic 21.05.2025 - 24.05.2025

2024

  • Academic lecture
    Beer, Leon T. De; Brulin, Emma; Hadžibajramović, Emina. (2024) Can the Burnout Assessment Tool Predict Risks for Depression and Exhaustion Disorder in a Swedish Healthcare Sample?. European Academy of Occupational Health Psychology (EAWOP 2024) , Granada 06.06.2024 - 07.06.2024

2023

  • Academic lecture
    Beer, Leon de; Vaart, Leoni Van der. (2023) Does self-deceptive enhancement play a role in the relationships from need satisfaction and need frustration to burnout and work engagement?. European Association of Work and Organizational Psychology 2023 (EAWOP2023) 25.05.2023 - 27.05.2023
  • Academic lecture
    Beer, Leon de; Witte, Hans De; Schaufeli, Wilmar B.. (2023) Investigating the causal dynamics between the core components of the Burnout Assessment Tool with longitudinal mediation models. European Association of Work and Organizational Psychology 2023 (EAWOP2023) 25.05.2023 - 27.05.2023
  • Academic lecture
    Barnard, Neil B.; Rothmann, Sebastiaan (Ian); Beer, Leon de; Lubbe, Welma. (2023) Towards sustainable employability of emergency nurses: Investigating capability sets and the effect of job demands, job resources, and burnout. Academy of Management: The 4th International Conference of the HR Division (HRIC2023) 31.05.2023 - 02.06.2023
  • Academic lecture
    Vaart, Leoni Van der; Beer, Leon de. (2023) Statistics for people practitioners. 2023 ACSG conference , Virtual 13.03.2023 - 17.03.2023

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