Journal publications

• Kolb, Nadine; Mitrofanova, Natalia; Westergaard, Marit. (2022) Cross-linguistic Influence in Child L3 English: An Empirical Study on Russian-German Heritage Bilinguals. International Journal of Bilingualism.
• Lundquist, Bjørn; Klassen, Rachel; Westergaard, Marit. (2022) Dynamikken i en språkendringsprosess: Bortfall av hunkjønnsformer i norsk. NLT - Norsk lingvistisk tidsskrift. vol. 40 (1).
• Urek, Olga; Lohndal, Terje; Westergaard, Marit. (2022) En splyv eller et splyv? Tilordning av grammatisk genus til nonord-substantiv i norsk. NLT - Norsk lingvistisk tidsskrift. vol. 40 (1).
• Jensen, Isabel Nadine; Mitrofanova, Natalia; Anderssen, Merete; Rodina, Yulia; Slabakova, Roumyana; Westergaard, Marit. (2021) Crosslinguistic influence in L3 acquisition across linguistic modules. International Journal of Multilingualism.
• Jensen, Isabel Nadine; Westergaard, Marit. (2021) Flaskehalshypotesen: Syntaks og morfologi blant norske andrespråksinnlærere av engelsk. NLT - Norsk lingvistisk tidsskrift. vol. 39 (1).
• Kupisch, Tanja; Mitrofanova, Natalia; Westergaard, Marit. (2021) Phonological vs. natural gender cues in the acquisition of German by simultaneous and sequential bilinguals (German–Russian). Journal of Child Language.
• Leivada, Evelina; Mitrofanova, Natalia; Westergaard, Marit. (2021) Bilinguals are better than monolinguals in detecting manipulative discourse. PLOS ONE.
• Lohndal, Terje; Westergaard, Marit. (2021) Grammatical Gender: Acquisition, Attrition, and Change. Journal Of Germanic Linguistics. vol. 33 (1).
• Mitrofanova, Natalia; Urek, Olga; Rodina, Yulia; Westergaard, Marit. (2021) Sensitivity to microvariation in bilingual acquisition: Morphophonological gender cues in Russian heritage language. Applied Psycholinguistics.
• Rodina, Yulia; Westergaard, Marit. (2021) Grammatical Gender and Declension Class in Language Change: A Study of the Loss of Feminine Gender in Norwegian. Journal Of Germanic Linguistics. vol. 33 (3).
• Westergaard, Marit. (2021) L3 acquisition and crosslinguistic influence as co-activation. Response to commentaries on the keynote “Microvariation in multilingual situations: The importance of property-by-property acquisition. Second Language Research. vol. 37 (3).
• Westergaard, Marit. (2021) The plausibility of wholesale vs. property-by-property transfer in L3 acquisition. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism. vol. 11 (1).
• Westergaard, Marit; Lohndal, Terje; Lundquist, Bjørn. (2021) Variable V2 in Norwegian Heritage Language: An effect of crosslinguistic influence?. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism.
• Björnsdottir, Sigridur Mjoll; Westergaard, Marit; Lohndal, Terje. (2020) The Effects of Attrition on Grammatical Gender: A View from North American Icelandic. Heritage Language Journal.
• Busterud, Guro; Lohndal, Terje; Rodina, Yulia; Westergaard, Marit. (2020) Hvor mange genus er det i Trondheims-dialekten?. Maal og Minne. vol. 2.
• Kwame, Abukari; Westergaard, Marit. (2020) The acquisition of English articles among L1 Dagbani L2 English learners. Canadian Journal of Linguistics. vol. 65 (4).
• Leivada, Evelina; Westergaard, Marit. (2020) Acceptable Ungrammatical Sentences, Unacceptable Grammatical Sentences, and the Role of the Cognitive Parser. Frontiers in Psychology. vol. 11.
• Leivada, Evelina; Westergaard, Marit; Dunabeitia Landaburu, Jon Andoni; Rothman, Jason. (2020) On the phantom-like appearance of bilingualism effects on neurocognition: (How) should we proceed?. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition.
• Lundquist, Bjørn; Anderssen, Merete; Lohndal, Terje; Westergaard, Marit. (2020) Variation across individuals and domains in Norwegian heritage language. Oslo Studies in Language (OSLa). vol. 11 (2).
• Rodina, Yulia; Kupisch, Tanja; Meir, Natalia; Mitrofanova, Natalia; Urek, Olga; Westergaard, Marit. (2020) Internal and External Factors in Heritage Language Acquisition: Evidence from Heritage Russian in Israel, Germany, Norway, Latvia and the UK. Frontiers in Education.
• Westergaard, Marit; Kupisch, Tanja. (2020) Stable and vulnerable domains in Germanic Heritage Languages. Oslo Studies in Language (OSLa).
• Lohndal, Terje; Rothman, Jason; Kupisch, Tanja; Westergaard, Marit. (2019) Heritage language acquisition: What it reveals and why it is important for formal linguistic theories. Language and Linguistics Compass. vol. 13 (12).
• Busterud, Guro; Lohndal, Terje; Rodina, Yulia; Westergaard, Marit. (2019) The loss of feminine gender in Norwegian: a dialect comparison. Journal of Comparative Germanic Linguistics. vol. 22 (2).
• Fábregas, Antonio; Anderssen, Merete; Westergaard, Marit. (2019) A comparison of Norwegian and Spanish L1 acquisition of possessive constructions. Journal of Comparative Germanic Linguistics. vol. 22 (2).
• Jensen, Isabel Nadine; Slabakova, Roumyana; Westergaard, Marit; Lundquist, Bjørn. (2019) The Bottleneck Hypothesis in L2 acquisition: L1 Norwegian learners’ knowledge of syntax and morphology in L2 English. Second Language Research.
• Leivada, Evelina; Westergaard, Marit. (2019) Universal linguistic hierarchies are not innately wired. Evidence from multiple adjectives. PeerJ. vol. 2019:e7438 (8).
• Lohndal, Terje; Westergaard, Marit. (2019) Amerikanorsk endrar seg. Syn og Segn. vol. 125 (1.19).
• Westergaard, Marit. (2019) Attrition via acquisition: The importance of development in small steps. Second Language Research.
• Westergaard, Marit. (2019) Microvariation in multilingual situations: The importance of property-by-property acquisition. Second Language Research.
• Westergaard, Marit. (2019) Overgeneralization and change: The role of acquisition in diachrony. Theoretical Linguistics. vol. 45 (3-4).
• Anderssen, Merete; Bentzen, Kristine; Busterud, Guro; Dahl, Anne; Lundquist, Bjørn; Westergaard, Marit. (2018) The acquisition of word order in L2 Norwegian: The case of subject and object shift. Nordic Journal of Linguistics. vol. 41 (3).
• Anderssen, Merete; Lundquist, Bjørn; Westergaard, Marit. (2018) Cross-linguistic similarities and differences in bilingual acquisition and attrition: Possessives and double definiteness in Norwegian heritage language. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition. vol. 21 (4).
• Mitrofanova, Natalia; Rodina, Yulia; Urek, Olga; Westergaard, Marit. (2018) Bilinguals’ sensitivity to grammatical gender cues in Russian: the role of cumulative input, proficiency, and dominance. Frontiers in Psychology. vol. 9.
• Mitrofanova, Natalia; Westergaard, Marit. (2018) Acquisition of locative utterances in Norwegian: structure-building via lexical learning. Journal of Child Language. vol. 45 (4).
• Bayram, Fatih; Rothman, Jason; Iverson, Michael; Kupisch, Tanja; Miller, David; Puig Mayenco, Eloi; Westergaard, Marit. (2017) Differences in use without deficiencies in competence: passives in the Turkish and German of Turkish heritage speakers in Germany. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism.
• Castro, Tammer; Rothman, Jason; Westergaard, Marit. (2017) On the directionality of cross-linguistic effects in bidialectal bilingualism. Frontiers in Psychology. vol. 8.
• Rodina, Yulia; Westergaard, Marit. (2017) Grammatical gender in bilingual Norwegian-Russian Acquisition: The role of input and transparency. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition. vol. 20 (1).
• Westergaard, Marit; Mitrofanova, Natalia; Mykhaylyk, Roksolana; Rodina, Yulia. (2017) Crosslinguistic influence in the acquisition of a third language: The Linguistic Proximity Model. International Journal of Bilingualism. vol. 21 (6).
• Westergaard, Marit; Vangsnes, Øystein A; Lohndal, Terje. (2017) Variation and change in Norwegian wh-questions: The role of the complementizer som. Linguistic Variation. vol. 17 (1).
• Wolleb, Anna; Sorace, Antonella; Westergaard, Marit. (2017) Exploring the role of cognitive control in syntactic processing: Evidence from cross-language priming in bilingual children. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism.
• Castro, Tammer; Rothman, Jason; Westergaard, Marit. (2016) Comparing anaphora resolution in early and late Brazilian Portuguese-European Portuguese bidialectal bilinguals. Revista Española de Lingüística Aplicada. vol. 29 (2).
• González Alonso, Jorge; Rothman, Jason; Berndt, Denny; Castro, Tammer; Westergaard, Marit. (2016) Broad scope and narrow focus: On the contemporary linguistic and psycholinguistic study of third language acquisition. International Journal of Bilingualism. vol. 21 (6).
• Lohndal, Terje; Westergaard, Marit. (2016) Grammatical Gender in American Norwegian Heritage Language: Stability or Attrition?. Frontiers in Psychology. vol. 7.
• Lundquist, Bjørn; Rodina, Yulia; Sekerina, Irina; Westergaard, Marit. (2016) Gender Change in Norwegian Dialects: Comprehension is affected before Production. Linguistics Vanguard. vol. 2 (1).
• Westergaard, Marit; Rodina, Yulia. (2016) Hvor mange genus er det i Tromsødialekten?. Maal og Minne.
• Rodina, Yulia; Westergaard, Marit. (2015) Grammatical gender in Norwegian: Language acquisition and language change. Journal Of Germanic Linguistics. vol. 27 (2).
• Westergaard, Marit. (2015) Complexity in child and adult language acquisition. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism. vol. 5 (4).
• Westergaard, Marit. (2015) Koffør dæm IKKE sir det? Om ordstilling i hv-spørsmål i nordnorske dialekter. NLT - Norsk lingvistisk tidsskrift. vol. 33 (2).
• Westergaard, Marit. (2014) Complexity and conflicting grammars in language acquisition. Second Language Research. vol. 30 (1).
• Westergaard, Marit. (2014) Linguistic variation and micro-cues in first language acquisition. Linguistic Variation. vol. 14 (1).
• Rodina, Yulia; Westergaard, Marit. (2013) The acquisition of gender and declension class in a non-transparent system: monolinguals and bilinguals. Studia Linguistica. vol. 67 (1).
• Rodina, Yulia; Westergaard, Marit. (2013) Two gender systems in one mind: The acquisition of grammatical gender in Norwegian-Russian bilinguals. Hamburg Studies on Linguistic Diversity. vol. 1.
• Anderssen, Merete; Westergaard, Marit. (2012) Tospråklighet og ordstilling i norske possessivkonstruksjoner. NLT - Norsk lingvistisk tidsskrift. vol. 30 (2).
• Anderssen, Merete; Westergaard, Marit; Bentzen, Kristine. (2012) Min bil eller bilen min: eiendomskonstruksjoner i norsk barnespråk og amerikanorsk. Ottar. vol. 2 (290).
• Bentzen, Kristine; Westergaard, Marit; Anderssen, Merete. (2012) Vet du kor du bør helst sette inn verbet hen? Om verbplassering i nordnorsk. Ottar. vol. 2 (290).
• Rodina, Yulia; Westergaard, Marit. (2012) A cue-based approach to the acquisition of grammatical gender in Russian. Journal of Child Language. vol. 39 (5).
• Westergaard, Marit; Anderssen, Merete; Bentzen, Kristine. (2012) Det vil æ ikke eller Det vil ikke æ: Ordstilling i nordnorsk barnespråk. Ottar. vol. 2 (290).
• Westergaard, Marit; Vangsnes, Øystein A; Lohndal, Terje. (2012) Norwegian som: The complementizer that climbed to the matrix Left Periphery and caused Verb Second violations. STiL - CISCL working papers.
• Westergaard, Marit. (2011) Subject positions and information structure: The effect of frequency on acquisition and change. Studia Linguistica. vol. 3.
• Anderssen, Merete; Westergaard, Marit. (2010) Frequency and economy in the acquisition of variable word order. Lingua. vol. 120 (11).
• Anderssen, Merete; Westergaard, Marit. (2010) On the Impact of Frequency in the Acquisition of Variable Word Order. Boston University Conference on Language Development. Proceedings.
• Bohnacker, Ute; Westergaard, Marit. (2010) Introduction: The Nordic languages and second language acquisition theory. Nordic Journal of Linguistics. vol. 33 (2).
• Westergaard, Marit. (2010) Cue-based Acquisition and Information Structure Drift in Diachronic Language Development. Language, Context and Cognition. vol. 10.
• Westergaard, Marit; Bentzen, Kristine. (2010) Word Order and Finiteness in the Acquisition of English and Norwegian Wh-questions. Boston University Conference on Language Development. Proceedings.
• Westergaard, Marit. (2009) Microvariation as diachrony: A view from acquisition. Journal of Comparative Germanic Linguistics. vol. 12 (1).
• Westergaard, Marit. (2009) Usage-based vs. Rule-based Learning: The Acquisition of Word Order in Wh-Questions in English and Norwegian. Journal of Child Language. vol. 36 (5).
• Westergaard, Marit. (2009) Word Order in Old and Middle English The role of information structure and first language acquisition. Diachronica. vol. 26 (1).
• Westergaard, Marit. (2008) Acquisition and Change: On the Robustness of the Triggering Experience for Word Order Cues. Lingua. vol. 118 (12).
• Westergaard, Marit. (2008) Hvordan barn lærer språk: En sammenligning mellom ordstilling i engelsk og norsk. Barn.
• Westergaard, Marit. (2008) Verb Movement and Subject Placement in the Acquisition of Word Order: Pragmatics or Structural Economy?. Language Acquisition and Language Disorders. vol. 45.
• Anderssen, Merete; Westergaard, Marit. (2007) Proceedings from Workshop on Language Acquisition, Scandinavian Conference of Linguistics 2006: Introduction. Nordlyd. vol. 34 (3).
• Lightfoot, David; Westergaard, Marit R. (2007) Language Acquisition and Language Change: Inter-relationships. Language and Linguistics Compass. vol. 1 (5).
• Westergaard, Marit. (2007) English as a Mixed V2 Grammar: Synchronic Word Order Inconsistencies from the Perspective of First Language Acquisition. Poznan Studies in Contemporary Linguistics. vol. 43 (2).
• Westergaard, Marit R. (2005) Optional Word Order in Wh-Questions in Two Norwegian Dialects: A Diachronic Analysis of Synchronic Variation. Nordic Journal of Linguistics. vol. 28 (2).
• Westergaard, Marit R; Vangsnes, Øystein A. (2005) WH-questions, V2, and the Left Periphery of Three Norwegian Dialect Types. Journal of Comparative Germanic Linguistics. vol. 8 (1-2).
• Westergaard, Marit R. (2004) The Interaction of Input and UG in the Acquisition of Verb Movement in a Dialect of Norwegian. Nordlyd. vol. 32 (1).
• Westergaard, Marit R. (2003) On the Acquisition of Word Order in the Tromsø Dialect. Nordlyd. vol. 31 (3).
• Westergaard, Marit R. (2003) Unlearning V2: Transfer, Markedness and the Importance of Input Cues in the Acquisition of Word Order in English by Norwegian Children. EUROSLA Yearbook. vol. 3.
• Westergaard, Marit R. (2003) Word order in wh-questions in a North Norwegian dialect: some evidence from an acquisition study. Nordic Journal of Linguistics. vol. 26 (1).

Books

• Anderssen, Merete; Bentzen, Kristine; Westergaard, Marit. (2010) Variation in the Input: Studies in the Acquisition of Word Order. Springer. 2010. ISBN 9048192064.
• Westergaard, Marit. (2009) The Acquisition of Word Order: Micro-cues, Information Structure, and Economy. John Benjamins Publishing Company. 2009. ISBN 9789027255280.

Part of book/report

• Anderssen, Merete; Westergaard, Marit. (2020) Word order variation in heritage languages: Subject shift and object shift in Norwegian. Lost in Transmission: The role of attrition and input in heritage language development.
• Castro, Tammer; Rothman, Jason; Westergaard, Marit. (2020) Syntactic contrasts in early and late Brazilian Portuguese-European Portuguese bidialectal bilinguals: Data from production. Linguistic Approaches to Portuguese as an Additional Language.
• Lohndal, Terje; Westergaard, Marit; Vangsnes, Øystein A. (2020) Verb Second in Norwegian: Variation and Acquisition. Rethinking Verb Second.
• Westergaard, Marit. (2020) Language Acquisition, Microcues, Parameters, and Syntactic Change. The Handbook of Historical Linguistics, Volume II.
• Westergaard, Marit; Lohndal, Terje. (2019) Verb Second Word Order in Norwegian Heritage Language: Syntax and Pragmatics. Variable Properties in Language: Their Nature and Acquisition.
• Westergaard, Marit; Lohndal, Terje; Alexiadou, Artemis. (2019) The asymmetric nature of V2: Evidence from learner languages. The Sign of the V: Papers in Honour of Sten Vikner.
• Wolleb, Anna; Sorace, Antonella; Westergaard, Marit. (2019) Language control and executive control: Can studies on language processing distinguish the two?. Bilingualism, Executive Function, and Beyond. Questions and insights.
• Rothman, Jason; Bayram, Fatih; Kupisch, Tanja; Lohndal, Terje; Westergaard, Marit. (2018) Generative Approaches to Second Language (L2) Acquisition and Advanced L2 Proficiency. The handbook of advanced proficiency in second language acquisition.
• Jensen, Isabel Nadine; Slabakova, Roumyana; Westergaard, Marit. (2017) The Bottleneck Hypothesis in L2 acquisition: A study of L1 Norwegian speakers’ knowledge of syntax and morphology in L2 English. Proceedings of the 41st annual Boston University Conference on Language Development.
• Urek, Olga; Taurina, Agrita; Westergaard, Marit; Vulane, Anna. (2017) Acquisition of Definite Marking in Latvian: Evidence from Monolinguals and Bilinguals. Child Language in 21st Century Latvia III.
• Westergaard, Marit. (2017) Gradience and Gradualness vs Abruptness. The Cambridge Handbook of Historical Syntax.
• Westergaard, Marit. (2017) Word order and verb movement in Norwegian wh-questions: A comparison of production and judgment data. Word Order Change in Acquisition and Language Contact: Essays in honour of Ans van Kemenade.
• Westergaard, Marit. (2016) Word order and finiteness in acquisition: A study of English and Norwegian wh-questions. Finiteness Matters. On finiteness-related phenomena in natural languages.
• Mykhaylyk, Roksolana; Mitrofanova, Natalia; Rodina, Yulia; Westergaard, Marit. (2015) The Linguistic Proximity Model: The Case of Verb-Second Revisited. Proceedings of the 39th Boston University Conference on Language Development.
• Westergaard, Marit; Anderssen, Merete. (2015) Word Order Variation in Norwegian Possessive Constructions: Bilingual Acquisition and Attrition. Germanic heritage languages in North America: Acquisition, attrition and change.
• Eitler, Tamás; Westergaard, Marit. (2014) Word order variation in late Middle English: The effect of information structure and audience design. Information Structure and Syntactic Change in Germanic and Romance Languages.
• Vangsnes, Øystein Alexander; Westergaard, Marit. (2014) Ka korpuse fortæll? Om ordstilling i hv-spørsmål i norske dialekter. Språk i Norge og nabolanda. Ny forskning om talespråk.
• Westergaard, Marit; Sorace, Antonella; Heycock, Caroline; Bentzen, Kristine. (2014) Variable verb placement in embedded clauses: Comparing English and Norwegian children. Inquiries into Linguistic Theory and Language Acquisition: Papers offered to Adriana Belletti.
• Rodina, Yulia; Westergaard, Marit. (2013) The acquisition of gender: A bilingual case study. Advances in Language Acquisition.
• Westergaard, Marit. (2013) L’acquisizione della variazione linguistica. Introduzione alla linguistica del mòcheno.
• Westergaard, Marit. (2013) The acquisition of linguistic variation: Parameters vs. micro-cues. In search of universal grammar : from Old Norse to Zoque.
• Kemenade, Ans van; Westergaard, Marit. (2012) Syntax and information structure: Verb-second variation in Middle English. Information Structure and Syntactic Change in the History of English.
• Westergaard, Marit; Vangsnes, Øystein A; Lohndal, Terje. (2012) Norwegian som: The complementizer that climbed to the matrix Left Periphery and caused Verb Second violations. Enjoy Linguistics! Papers offered to Luigi Rizzi on the occasion of his 60th birthday.
• Anderssen, Merete; Bentzen, Kristine; Rodina, Yulia; Westergaard, Marit. (2010) The acquisition of apparent optionality: Word order in subject and object shift constructions in Norwegian. Variation in the Input: Studies in the Acquisition of Word Order.
• Anderssen, Merete; Bentzen, Kristine; Westergaard, Marit. (2010) The Acquisition of (Word Order) Variation. Variation in the Input: Studies in the Acquisition of Word Order.
• Anderssen, Merete; Westergaard, Marit. (2010) On the Impact of Frequency in the Acquisition of Variable Word Order. Proceedings of the 34th Annual Boston University Conference on Language Development.
• Westergaard, Marit; Bentzen, Kristine. (2010) Word order and finiteness in the acquisition of English and Norwegian wh-questions. Proceedings of the 34th Annual Boston University Conference on Language Development.
• Westergaard, Marit. (2009) Many Small Catastrophes: Gradualism in a Microparametric Perspective. Historical Syntax and Linguistic Theory.
• Westergaard, Marit R. (2007) Learning and Unlearning V2: On the Robustness of the Triggering Experience in a Historical Perspective. Proceedings of the XXXII Incontro di Grammatica Generativa.
• Westergaard, Marit R; Bentzen, Kristine. (2007) The (non-) effect of input frequency on the acquisition of word order in Norwegian embedded clauses. Frequency effects in language acquisition. Defining the limits of frequency as an explanatory concept.
• Westergaard, Marit R. (2006) Triggering V2: The Amount of Input Needed for Parameter Setting in a Split-CP Model of Word Order. Language Acquisition and Development: Proceedings of GALA 2005.
• Westergaard, Marit R. (2005) Norwegian Child Language and the History of English: The Interaction of Syntax and Information Structure in the Development of Word Order. Contexts - Historical, Social, Linguistic. Studies in Celebration of Toril Swan.