Giosuè Baggio

About

I am Professor of Psycholinguistics in the English section of the Department of Language and Literature at NTNU. I teach in courses offered by the Faculty of Humanities and by the Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience.

Our capacity to understand language depends on distinctive properties of the human brain: it emerges gradually as a result of cortical development, it may be compromised in particular neurological conditions, and it is largely lacking in other complex biological or engineered systems, such as other primate brains and machine learning models.

I study how the cognitive brain enables and constrains meaning and understanding in natural language and other symbolic systems, through a combination of experimental, computational and theoretical methods. I am author of the books Meaning in the Brain (MIT Press 2018) and Neurolinguistics (MIT Press Essential Knowledge series 2022).

I have an MSc from the Institute for Logic, Language and Computation in Amsterdam and a PhD from the Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour in Nijmegen. Prior to joining NTNU in 2014, I was at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics in Nijmegen and at the International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA) in Trieste.

Research

Research interests

Cognitive neuroscience of language, logic and music
Cognitive and computational architecture of language
Semantic processing in natural and scientific languages
Neural constraints on the evolution of language and music
Fundamental vs contingent limitations of machine semantics
Problems and prospects for integrative theories of language

Research groups and networks

Semantic Pre-activation in a Potts Latching Network: Modelling the N400

The Research Council of Norway | Researcher Project with International Mobility | Project supervisor | 2020-2024

Origins of Semantic Composition in Early Cognitive Development

The Research Council of Norway | Researcher Project for Young Talents | Project manager | 2016-2021

Publications

2020

Baggio, Giosuè. (2020) Epistemic transfer between linguistics and neuroscience: Problems and prospects. The Philosophy and Science of Language. Interdisciplinary Perspectives.
Academic chapter/article/Conference paper
Baggio, Giosuè. (2020) Morten H. Christiansen & Nick Chater, Creating Language: Integrating Evolution, Acquisition, and Processing. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016. Pp. xiv + 330. Nordic Journal of Linguistics. volum 43 (1).
Book review
Calinescu, Lia; Giskes, Anna; Vulchanova, Mila Dimitrova; Baggio, Giosuè. (2020) Embedding (im)plausible clauses in propositional attitude contexts: Modulatory effects on the N400 and late components. Journal of Neurolinguistics. volum 53.
Academic article
Fritz, Isabella; Baggio, Giosuè. (2020) Meaning composition in minimal phrasal contexts: Distinct ERP effects of intensionality and denotation. Language, Cognition and Neuroscience. volum 35 (10).
Academic article
Islam, Farjana; Baggio, Giosuè. (2020) Kripkeans of the world, unite!. Journal of Semantics. volum 37 (2).
Academic article
Luzzi, Simona; Baldinelli, Sara; Ranaldi, Valentina; Fiori, Chiara; Plutino, Andrea; Fringuelli, Fabio Massimo; Silvestrini, Mauro; Baggio, Giosuè; Reverberi, Carlo. (2020) The neural bases of discourse semantic and pragmatic deficits in patients with frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Cortex. volum 128.
Academic article
Martin, Andrea E; Baggio, Giosuè. (2020) Towards mechanistic models of meaning composition. 2020. ISBN 9781782524366.
Academic anthology/Conference proceedings
Morgan, Elena Usai; Van der Meer, Audrey; Vulchanova, Mila Dimitrova; Blasi, Damián; Baggio, Giosuè. (2020) Meaning before grammar: A review of ERP experiments on the neurodevelopmental origins of semantic processing. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. volum 27 (3).
Academic article
Olstad, Anne Marte Haug; Fritz, Isabella; Baggio, Giosuè. (2020) Composition decomposed: Distinct neural mechanisms support processing of nouns in modification and predication contexts. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory and Cognition. volum 46 (11).
Academic article
van Rooij, Iris A.L.M.; Baggio, Giosuè. (2020) Theory development requires an epistemological sea change. Psychological Inquiry. volum 31 (4).
Academic article
Vulchanova, Mila Dimitrova; Saldaña, David; Baggio, Giosuè. (2020) Word structure and word processing in developmental disorders. Word Knowledge and Word Usage: A Cross-disciplinary Guide to the Mental Lexicon.
Academic chapter/article/Conference paper

2019

Lumaca, Massimo; Kleber, Boris; Brattico, Elvira; Vuust, Peter; Baggio, Giosuè. (2019) Functional connectivity in human auditory networks and the origins of variation in the transmission of musical systems. eLIFE. volum 8.
Academic article
Martin, Andrea E; Baggio, Giosuè. (2019) Modelling meaning composition from formalism to mechanism. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. volum 375 (1791).
Academic article
Michalon, Olivier; Baggio, Giosuè. (2019) Meaning-driven syntactic predictions in a parallel processing architecture: Theory and algorithmic modeling of ERP effects. Neuropsychologia. volum 131.
Academic article
Morgan, Elena Usai; Baggio, Giosuè. (2019) Language in Our Brain: The Origins of a Uniquely Human Capacity, by Angela D. Friederici. Journal of Language Evolution. volum 4 (1).
Book review
Vulchanova, Mila Dimitrova; Milburn, Evelyn Arko; Vulchanov, Valentin; Baggio, Giosuè. (2019) Boon or burden? The role of compositional meaning in figurative language processing and acquisition. Journal of Logic, Language and Information. volum 28 (2).
Academic article

2018

Baggio, Giosuè. (2018) Andrea Moro, A brief history of the verb to be. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2018. Pp. xvi + 288. Journal of Linguistics. volum 54 (4).
Book review
Baggio, Giosuè. (2018) Meaning in the Brain. MIT Press. 2018. ISBN 9780262038126.
Academic monograph
Lumaca, Massimo; Baggio, Giosuè. (2018) Signaling games and the evolution of structure in language and music: A reply to Ravignani and Verhoef (2018). Artificial Life. volum 24 (2).
Letter to the editor
Lumaca, Massimo; Haumann, Niels Trusbak; Vuust, Peter; Brattico, Elvira; Baggio, Giosuè. (2018) From random to regular: Neural constraints on the emergence of isochronous rhythm during cultural transmission. Social Cognitive & Affective Neuroscience. volum 13 (8).
Academic article
Lumaca, Massimo; Ravignani, Andrea; Baggio, Giosuè. (2018) Music evolution in the laboratory: Cultural transmission meets neurophysiology. Frontiers in Neuroscience. volum 12.
Academic article

2017

Baggio, Giosuè; Bremnes, Heming Strømholt. (2017) Book review: Jakub Szymanik, Quantifiers and Cognition. Logical and Computational Perspectives. Studia Logica: An International Journal for Symbolic Logic. volum 105 (5).
Book review
Cosentino, Erica; Baggio, Giosuè; Kontinen, Jarmo; Werning, Markus. (2017) The time-course of sentence meaning composition: N400 effects of the interaction between context-induced and lexically-stored affordances. Frontiers in Psychology. volum 8.
Academic article
Lumaca, Massimo; Baggio, Giosuè. (2017) Cultural transmission and evolution of melodic structures in multi-generational signaling games. Artificial Life. volum 23 (3).
Academic article
Nowak, Iga; Baggio, Giosuè. (2017) Developmental constraints on learning artificial grammars with fixed, flexible and free word order. Frontiers in Psychology. volum 8.
Academic article

2016

Baggio, Giosuè; Cherubini, Paolo; Pischedda, Doris; Blumenthal, Anna; Haynes, John Dylan; Reverberi, Carlo. (2016) Multiple neural representations of elementary logical connectives. NeuroImage. volum 135.
Academic article
Baggio, Giosuè; Granello, Giulia; Verriello, Lorenzo; Roberto, Eleopra. (2016) Formal semantics in the neurology clinic: Atypical understanding of aspectual coercion in ALS patients. Frontiers in Psychology. volum 7.
Academic article
Baggio, Giosuè; Stenning, Keith; van Lambalgen, Michiel. (2016) Semantics and cognition. The Cambridge Handbook of Formal Semantics.
Academic chapter/article/Conference paper
Baggio, Giosuè; Vicario, Carmelo. (2016) Language processing is not a race against time. Behavioral and Brain Sciences. volum 39.
Academic article
Lumaca, Massimo; Baggio, Giosuè. (2016) Brain potentials predict learning, transmission and modification of an artificial symbolic system. Social Cognitive & Affective Neuroscience. volum 11 (12).
Academic article
Nowak, Iga; Baggio, Giosuè. (2016) The emergence of word order and morphology in compositional languages via multi-generational signaling games. Journal of Language Evolution. volum 1 (2).
Academic article

2015

Baggio, Giosuè; van Lambalgen, Michiel; Hagoort, Peter. (2015) Logic as Marr's computational level: Four case studies. Topics in Cognitive Science. volum 7 (2).
Academic article
Brederoo, Sanne; Bos, Laura Simone; Dragoy, Olga; Bastiaanse, Roelien; Baggio, Giosuè. (2015) Gamma oscillations as a neural signature of shifting times in narrative language. PLOS ONE. volum 10 (4).
Academic article
Fonseca, André; Boboeva, Vezha; Brederoo, Sanne; Baggio, Giosuè. (2015) Disrupting morphosyntactic and lexical semantic processing has opposite effects on the sample entropy of neural signals. Brain Research. volum 1604.
Academic article
Moreno, Maggie; Baggio, Giosuè. (2015) Role asymmetry and code transmission in signaling games: An experimental and computational investigation. Cognitive Science. volum 39 (5).
Academic article

2013

Pavan, Andrea; Baggio, Giosuè. (2013) Linguistic representations of motion do not depend on the visual motion system. Psychological Science. volum 24 (2).
Academic article
Pavan, Andrea; Skujevskis, Maris; Baggio, Giosuè. (2013) Motion words selectively modulate direction discrimination sensitivity for threshold motion. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. volum 7.
Academic article

2012

Baggio, Giosuè. (2012) Selective alignment of brain responses by task demands during semantic processing. Neuropsychologia. volum 50 (5).
Academic article
Baggio, Giosuè; Fonseca, André. (2012) Complex dynamics of semantic memory access in reading. Journal of the Royal Society Interface. volum 9 (67).
Academic article
Baggio, Giosuè; van Lambalgen, Michiel; Hagoort, Peter. (2012) Language, linguistics and cognition. Philosophy of Linguistics.
Academic chapter/article/Conference paper
Baggio, Giosuè; van Lambalgen, Michiel; Hagoort, Peter. (2012) The processing consequences of compositionality. The Oxford Handbook of Compositionality.
Academic chapter/article/Conference paper

2011

Baggio, Giosuè; Hagoort, Peter. (2011) The balance between memory and unification in semantics: A dynamic account of the N400. Language and Cognitive Processes. volum 26 (9).
Academic article

2010

Baggio, Giosuè; Choma, Travis; van Lambalgen, Michiel; Hagoort, Peter. (2010) Coercion and compositionality. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. volum 22 (9).
Academic article

2009

Hagoort, Peter; Baggio, Giosuè; Willems, Roel. (2009) Semantic unification. The Cognitive Neurosciences, 4th Edition.
Academic chapter/article/Conference paper

2008

Baggio, Giosuè. (2008) Processing temporal constraints: An ERP study. Language Learning. volum 58.
Academic article
Baggio, Giosuè; van Lambalgen, Michiel; Hagoort, Peter. (2008) Computing and recomputing discourse models: An ERP study. Journal of Memory and Language. volum 59 (1).
Academic article

2007

Baggio, Giosuè; van Lambalgen, Michiel. (2007) The processing consequences of the imperfective paradox. Journal of Semantics. volum 24 (4).
Academic article

Journal publications

Calinescu, Lia; Ramchand, Gillian C; Baggio, Giosuè. (2023) How (not) to look for meaning composition in the brain: A reassessment of current experimental paradigms. Frontiers in Language Sciences. volum 2.
Academic article
Lumaca, Massimo; Bonetti, Leonardo; Brattico, Elvira; Baggio, Giosuè; Ravignani, Andrea; Vuust, Peter. (2023) High-fidelity transmission of auditory symbolic material is associated with reduced right–left neuroanatomical asymmetry between primary auditory regions. Cerebral Cortex.
Academic article
Nefdt, Ryan, M.; Baggio, Giosuè. (2023) Notational variants and cognition: The case of dependency grammar. Erkenntnis: An International Journal of Scientific Philosophy.
Academic article
Baggio, Giosuè. (2022) Ronald J. Planer and Kim Sterelny, From signal to symbol: The evolution of language. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2021, xx + 272 pp. Language and Cognition. volum 14 (3).
Book review
Bremnes, Heming Strømholt; Szymanik, Jakub; Baggio, Giosuè. (2022) Computational complexity explains neural differences in quantifier verification. Cognition. volum 223.
Academic article
Baggio, Giosuè. (2021) Book Review: Derek Ball & Brian Rabern (Eds.), The Science of Meaning. Essays on the Metatheory of Natural Language Semantics. Oxford University Press. Hardback, pp. 432 + vii. Journal of Logic, Language and Information. volum 30 (4).
Book review
Baggio, Giosuè. (2021) Compositionality in a parallel architecture for language processing. Cognitive Science. volum 45 (5).
Academic article
Fritz, Isabella; Baggio, Giosuè. (2021) Neural and behavioural effects of typicality, denotation and composition in an adjective–noun combination task. Language, Cognition and Neuroscience. volum 37 (5).
Academic article
Lumaca, Massimo; Baggio, Giosuè; Vuust, Peter. (2021) White matter variability in auditory callosal pathways contributes to variation in the cultural transmission of auditory symbolic systems. Brain Structure and Function. volum 226.
Academic article
Lumaca, Massimo; Brattico, Elvira; Baggio, Giosuè. (2021) Signaling games and music as a credible signal. Behavioral and Brain Sciences. volum 44.
Academic article
Lumaca, Massimo; Vuust, Peter; Baggio, Giosuè. (2021) Network Analysis of Human Brain Connectivity Reveals Neural Fingerprints of a Compositionality Bias in Signaling Systems. Cerebral Cortex. volum 32 (8).
Academic article
van Rooij, Iris A.L.M.; Baggio, Giosuè. (2021) Theory before the test: How to build high-verisimilitude explanatory theories in psychological science. Perspectives on Psychological Science. volum 16 (4).
Academic article
Baggio, Giosuè. (2020) Morten H. Christiansen & Nick Chater, Creating Language: Integrating Evolution, Acquisition, and Processing. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016. Pp. xiv + 330. Nordic Journal of Linguistics. volum 43 (1).
Book review
Calinescu, Lia; Giskes, Anna; Vulchanova, Mila Dimitrova; Baggio, Giosuè. (2020) Embedding (im)plausible clauses in propositional attitude contexts: Modulatory effects on the N400 and late components. Journal of Neurolinguistics. volum 53.
Academic article
Fritz, Isabella; Baggio, Giosuè. (2020) Meaning composition in minimal phrasal contexts: Distinct ERP effects of intensionality and denotation. Language, Cognition and Neuroscience. volum 35 (10).
Academic article
Islam, Farjana; Baggio, Giosuè. (2020) Kripkeans of the world, unite!. Journal of Semantics. volum 37 (2).
Academic article
Luzzi, Simona; Baldinelli, Sara; Ranaldi, Valentina; Fiori, Chiara; Plutino, Andrea; Fringuelli, Fabio Massimo; Silvestrini, Mauro; Baggio, Giosuè; Reverberi, Carlo. (2020) The neural bases of discourse semantic and pragmatic deficits in patients with frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Cortex. volum 128.
Academic article
Morgan, Elena Usai; Van der Meer, Audrey; Vulchanova, Mila Dimitrova; Blasi, Damián; Baggio, Giosuè. (2020) Meaning before grammar: A review of ERP experiments on the neurodevelopmental origins of semantic processing. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. volum 27 (3).
Academic article
Olstad, Anne Marte Haug; Fritz, Isabella; Baggio, Giosuè. (2020) Composition decomposed: Distinct neural mechanisms support processing of nouns in modification and predication contexts. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory and Cognition. volum 46 (11).
Academic article
van Rooij, Iris A.L.M.; Baggio, Giosuè. (2020) Theory development requires an epistemological sea change. Psychological Inquiry. volum 31 (4).
Academic article
Lumaca, Massimo; Kleber, Boris; Brattico, Elvira; Vuust, Peter; Baggio, Giosuè. (2019) Functional connectivity in human auditory networks and the origins of variation in the transmission of musical systems. eLIFE. volum 8.
Academic article
Martin, Andrea E; Baggio, Giosuè. (2019) Modelling meaning composition from formalism to mechanism. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. volum 375 (1791).
Academic article
Michalon, Olivier; Baggio, Giosuè. (2019) Meaning-driven syntactic predictions in a parallel processing architecture: Theory and algorithmic modeling of ERP effects. Neuropsychologia. volum 131.
Academic article
Morgan, Elena Usai; Baggio, Giosuè. (2019) Language in Our Brain: The Origins of a Uniquely Human Capacity, by Angela D. Friederici. Journal of Language Evolution. volum 4 (1).
Book review
Vulchanova, Mila Dimitrova; Milburn, Evelyn Arko; Vulchanov, Valentin; Baggio, Giosuè. (2019) Boon or burden? The role of compositional meaning in figurative language processing and acquisition. Journal of Logic, Language and Information. volum 28 (2).
Academic article
Baggio, Giosuè. (2018) Andrea Moro, A brief history of the verb to be. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2018. Pp. xvi + 288. Journal of Linguistics. volum 54 (4).
Book review
Lumaca, Massimo; Baggio, Giosuè. (2018) Signaling games and the evolution of structure in language and music: A reply to Ravignani and Verhoef (2018). Artificial Life. volum 24 (2).
Letter to the editor
Lumaca, Massimo; Haumann, Niels Trusbak; Vuust, Peter; Brattico, Elvira; Baggio, Giosuè. (2018) From random to regular: Neural constraints on the emergence of isochronous rhythm during cultural transmission. Social Cognitive & Affective Neuroscience. volum 13 (8).
Academic article
Lumaca, Massimo; Ravignani, Andrea; Baggio, Giosuè. (2018) Music evolution in the laboratory: Cultural transmission meets neurophysiology. Frontiers in Neuroscience. volum 12.
Academic article
Baggio, Giosuè; Bremnes, Heming Strømholt. (2017) Book review: Jakub Szymanik, Quantifiers and Cognition. Logical and Computational Perspectives. Studia Logica: An International Journal for Symbolic Logic. volum 105 (5).
Book review
Cosentino, Erica; Baggio, Giosuè; Kontinen, Jarmo; Werning, Markus. (2017) The time-course of sentence meaning composition: N400 effects of the interaction between context-induced and lexically-stored affordances. Frontiers in Psychology. volum 8.
Academic article
Lumaca, Massimo; Baggio, Giosuè. (2017) Cultural transmission and evolution of melodic structures in multi-generational signaling games. Artificial Life. volum 23 (3).
Academic article
Nowak, Iga; Baggio, Giosuè. (2017) Developmental constraints on learning artificial grammars with fixed, flexible and free word order. Frontiers in Psychology. volum 8.
Academic article
Baggio, Giosuè; Cherubini, Paolo; Pischedda, Doris; Blumenthal, Anna; Haynes, John Dylan; Reverberi, Carlo. (2016) Multiple neural representations of elementary logical connectives. NeuroImage. volum 135.
Academic article
Baggio, Giosuè; Granello, Giulia; Verriello, Lorenzo; Roberto, Eleopra. (2016) Formal semantics in the neurology clinic: Atypical understanding of aspectual coercion in ALS patients. Frontiers in Psychology. volum 7.
Academic article
Baggio, Giosuè; Vicario, Carmelo. (2016) Language processing is not a race against time. Behavioral and Brain Sciences. volum 39.
Academic article
Lumaca, Massimo; Baggio, Giosuè. (2016) Brain potentials predict learning, transmission and modification of an artificial symbolic system. Social Cognitive & Affective Neuroscience. volum 11 (12).
Academic article
Nowak, Iga; Baggio, Giosuè. (2016) The emergence of word order and morphology in compositional languages via multi-generational signaling games. Journal of Language Evolution. volum 1 (2).
Academic article
Baggio, Giosuè; van Lambalgen, Michiel; Hagoort, Peter. (2015) Logic as Marr's computational level: Four case studies. Topics in Cognitive Science. volum 7 (2).
Academic article
Brederoo, Sanne; Bos, Laura Simone; Dragoy, Olga; Bastiaanse, Roelien; Baggio, Giosuè. (2015) Gamma oscillations as a neural signature of shifting times in narrative language. PLOS ONE. volum 10 (4).
Academic article
Fonseca, André; Boboeva, Vezha; Brederoo, Sanne; Baggio, Giosuè. (2015) Disrupting morphosyntactic and lexical semantic processing has opposite effects on the sample entropy of neural signals. Brain Research. volum 1604.
Academic article
Moreno, Maggie; Baggio, Giosuè. (2015) Role asymmetry and code transmission in signaling games: An experimental and computational investigation. Cognitive Science. volum 39 (5).
Academic article
Pavan, Andrea; Baggio, Giosuè. (2013) Linguistic representations of motion do not depend on the visual motion system. Psychological Science. volum 24 (2).
Academic article
Pavan, Andrea; Skujevskis, Maris; Baggio, Giosuè. (2013) Motion words selectively modulate direction discrimination sensitivity for threshold motion. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. volum 7.
Academic article
Baggio, Giosuè. (2012) Selective alignment of brain responses by task demands during semantic processing. Neuropsychologia. volum 50 (5).
Academic article
Baggio, Giosuè; Fonseca, André. (2012) Complex dynamics of semantic memory access in reading. Journal of the Royal Society Interface. volum 9 (67).
Academic article
Baggio, Giosuè; Hagoort, Peter. (2011) The balance between memory and unification in semantics: A dynamic account of the N400. Language and Cognitive Processes. volum 26 (9).
Academic article
Baggio, Giosuè; Choma, Travis; van Lambalgen, Michiel; Hagoort, Peter. (2010) Coercion and compositionality. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. volum 22 (9).
Academic article
Baggio, Giosuè. (2008) Processing temporal constraints: An ERP study. Language Learning. volum 58.
Academic article
Baggio, Giosuè; van Lambalgen, Michiel; Hagoort, Peter. (2008) Computing and recomputing discourse models: An ERP study. Journal of Memory and Language. volum 59 (1).
Academic article
Baggio, Giosuè; van Lambalgen, Michiel. (2007) The processing consequences of the imperfective paradox. Journal of Semantics. volum 24 (4).
Academic article

Books

Baggio, Giosuè. (2022) Neurolinguistics. MIT Press. 2022. ISBN 9780262543262.
Academic monograph
Martin, Andrea E; Baggio, Giosuè. (2020) Towards mechanistic models of meaning composition. 2020. ISBN 9781782524366.
Academic anthology/Conference proceedings
Baggio, Giosuè. (2018) Meaning in the Brain. MIT Press. 2018. ISBN 9780262038126.
Academic monograph

Part of book/report

Baggio, Giosuè. (2020) Epistemic transfer between linguistics and neuroscience: Problems and prospects. The Philosophy and Science of Language. Interdisciplinary Perspectives.
Academic chapter/article/Conference paper
Vulchanova, Mila Dimitrova; Saldaña, David; Baggio, Giosuè. (2020) Word structure and word processing in developmental disorders. Word Knowledge and Word Usage: A Cross-disciplinary Guide to the Mental Lexicon.
Academic chapter/article/Conference paper
Baggio, Giosuè; Stenning, Keith; van Lambalgen, Michiel. (2016) Semantics and cognition. The Cambridge Handbook of Formal Semantics.
Academic chapter/article/Conference paper
Baggio, Giosuè; van Lambalgen, Michiel; Hagoort, Peter. (2012) Language, linguistics and cognition. Philosophy of Linguistics.
Academic chapter/article/Conference paper
Baggio, Giosuè; van Lambalgen, Michiel; Hagoort, Peter. (2012) The processing consequences of compositionality. The Oxford Handbook of Compositionality.
Academic chapter/article/Conference paper
Hagoort, Peter; Baggio, Giosuè; Willems, Roel. (2009) Semantic unification. The Cognitive Neurosciences, 4th Edition.
Academic chapter/article/Conference paper