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Romain Guillaume Billy

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Romain Guillaume Billy

Researcher
Department of Energy and Process Engineering

romain.billy@ntnu.no
+4748670532 E4-158 Realfagbygget Gløshaugen, Trondheim
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About Publications Teaching Outreach

About

CV

I am a researcher at the Industrial Ecology Program.

I make Material Flow Analysis (MFA) and Stock Dynamics models to monitor and simulate metal cycles and their emissions, with a focus on aluminium and battery materials.

In 2024-2025 I am teaching the courses TEP 4285 - Material Flow Analysis and TEP4290 - Modeling of Built Environment Systems.

Background

In my PhD, I was part of Metal Production, an interdisciplinary Centre for Research-based Innovation (SFI). I worked in the Research Domain 5, whose goal was to study the relationship between metals and society.
I was also contributing to the BATMAN project, in which I developed scenarios for material supply, use, and recycling for Li-ion batteries.

I have also been a Teaching Assistant for the courses TEP 4285 - Material Flow Analysis and TEP4290 - Modeling of Built Environment Systems.

Education

  • PhD in Industrial Ecology, NTNU
    Monitoring and simulating material cycles and emissions at multiple scales: Case studies for aluminium
  • MSc in Industrial Ecology, NTNU
    Master thesis: Material Flow Analysis of Extruded Aluminium in French Buildings
  • MSc in Engineering, Ecole Centrale de Nantes (France)

 

Publications

  • Chronological
  • By category
  • See all publications in Cristin

2024

  • Ravi, Basuhi; Bhuwalka, Karan; Moore, Elizabeth A.; Diersen, Isabel; Malik, Rameen H.; Young, Eric. (2024) Clean energy demand must secure sustainable nickel supply. Joule
    Academic literature review
  • Barre, Francis Isidore; Billy, Romain Guillaume; Aguilar Lopez, Fernando; Mueller, Daniel Beat. (2024) Limits to graphite supply in a transition to a post-fossil society. Resources, Conservation and Recycling
    Academic article
  • Langhorst, Moritz; Billy, Romain Guillaume; Schwotzer, Christian; Kaiser, Felix; Mueller, Daniel Beat. (2024) Inertia of Technology Stocks: A Technology-Explicit Model for the Transition toward a Low-Carbon Global Aluminum Cycle. Environmental Science and Technology
    Academic article
  • Cordhomme, Zoe Angele Adele; Dittrich, Nils Maximilian; Gedde, Kristina Bringedal; Billy, Romain Guillaume; Mueller, Daniel Beat. (2024) Approaching building lifetimes and hazard rates through demolition patterns: Case studies for a historical city center. Journal of Industrial Ecology
    Academic article
  • Marhoon, Ahmed Mohamed Jaffar Marhoon A; Las Heras Hernandez, Miguel; Billy, Romain Guillaume; Mueller, Daniel Beat; Verones, Francesca. (2024) Mapping Plastic and Plastic Additive Cycles in Coastal Countries: A Norwegian Case Study. Environmental Science and Technology
    Academic article

2023

  • Desing, Harald; Widmer, Rolf; Bardi, Ugo; Beylot, Antoine; Billy, Romain Guillaume; Gasser, Martin. (2023) Mobilizing materials to enable a fast energy transition: A conceptual framework. Resources, Conservation and Recycling
    Academic article
  • Mueller, Daniel Beat; Billy, Romain Guillaume; Simoni, Mark Uwe; Petavratzi, Evi; Liu, Gang; Rechberger, Helmut. (2023) Maps of the physical economy to inform sustainability strategies. Elsevier
    Chapter
  • Aguilar Lopez, Fernando; Billy, Romain Guillaume; Mueller, Daniel Beat. (2023) Evaluating strategies for managing resource use in lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles using the global MATILDA model. Resources, Conservation and Recycling
    Academic article

2022

  • McNeil, Brent; Mueller, Daniel Beat; Aguilar Lopez, Fernando; Billy, Romain Guillaume. (2022) The complex nature of lithium extraction: A dynamic material flow analysis to understand supply constraints in the transition to electrified transport. NTNU Master thesis
    Masters thesis
  • Langhorst, Moritz; Schwotzer, Christian; Kaiser, Felix; Mueller, Daniel Beat; Billy, Romain Guillaume. (2022) Technology-explicit dynamic material flow analysis of the global aluminium cycle. RWTH Aachen Master's thesis
    Masters thesis
  • Cormery, Marceau; Mueller, Daniel Beat; Billy, Romain Guillaume; Mistry, Mark; Reck, Barbara K.. (2022) Global trade-linked nickel cycle. A Material Flow Analysis (MFA) study considering production and trade of nickel at the global and the country level. NTNU Master thesis
    Masters thesis
  • Genovesi, Sofia; Garofalo, Paolo S.; Mueller, Daniel Beat; Billy, Romain Guillaume; Aguilar Lopez, Fernando. (2022) Graphite for lithium-ion batteries: mineral analysis and global Material Flow Analysis. Master's thesis University of Bologna
    Masters thesis
  • Billy, Romain Guillaume; Mueller, Daniel Beat. (2022) Aluminium use in passenger cars poses systemic challenges for recycling and GHG emissions. Resources, Conservation and Recycling
    Academic article
  • Billy, Romain Guillaume; Mueller, Daniel Beat; Cullen, Jonathan. (2022) Monitoring and simulating material cycles and emissions at multiple scales: Case studies for aluminium. Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet Doctoral theses at NTNU
    Doctoral dissertation
  • Lopez, Fernando; Billy, Romain Guillaume; Müller, Daniel Beat; Birkeland , Terese; Torjesen, Stina. (2022) Towards an EU Battery Regulation 2.0?.
    Briefs
  • Billy, Romain Guillaume; Birkeland , Terese; Müller, Daniel Beat; Lopez, Fernando; Torjesen, Stina. (2022) Lithium in the EV battery expansion: How bad is the supply constraint?.
    Briefs
  • Billy, Romain Guillaume; Birkeland , Terese; Müller, Daniel Beat; Lopez, Fernando; Torjesen, Stina. (2022) Reducing the carbon footprint of battery materials - a case of problem shifting?.
    Briefs
  • Aguilar Lopez, Fernando; Billy, Romain Guillaume; Mueller, Daniel Beat. (2022) A product–component framework for modeling stock dynamics and its application for electric vehicles and lithium-ion batteries. Journal of Industrial Ecology
    Academic article
  • Billy, Romain Guillaume; Monnier, Louis; Nybakke, Even; Isaksen, Morten; Mueller, Daniel Beat. (2022) Systemic approaches for emission reduction in industrial plants based on physical accounting: example for an aluminium smelter . Environmental Science and Technology
    Academic article

2021

  • Young, Eric; Mueller, Daniel Beat; Aguilar Lopez, Fernando; Billy, Romain Guillaume; Petavratzi, Evi; Reck, Barbara K.. (2021) Battery Nickel Bottlenecks: A material flow analysis of the impacts the energy transition will have on the nickel supply system. NTNU Master's thesis
    Masters thesis
  • Lauinger, Dirk; Billy, Romain Guillaume; Vasquez, Felipe; Mueller, Daniel Beat. (2021) A general framework for stock dynamics of populations and built and natural environments. Journal of Industrial Ecology
    Academic article

2020

  • Roca Puigros, Marta; Billy, Romain Guillaume; Gerber, Andreas; Wäger, Patrick; Mueller, Daniel Beat. (2020) Pathways toward a carbon-neutral Swiss residential building stock. Buildings & Cities
    Academic article

Journal publications

  • Ravi, Basuhi; Bhuwalka, Karan; Moore, Elizabeth A.; Diersen, Isabel; Malik, Rameen H.; Young, Eric. (2024) Clean energy demand must secure sustainable nickel supply. Joule
    Academic literature review
  • Barre, Francis Isidore; Billy, Romain Guillaume; Aguilar Lopez, Fernando; Mueller, Daniel Beat. (2024) Limits to graphite supply in a transition to a post-fossil society. Resources, Conservation and Recycling
    Academic article
  • Langhorst, Moritz; Billy, Romain Guillaume; Schwotzer, Christian; Kaiser, Felix; Mueller, Daniel Beat. (2024) Inertia of Technology Stocks: A Technology-Explicit Model for the Transition toward a Low-Carbon Global Aluminum Cycle. Environmental Science and Technology
    Academic article
  • Cordhomme, Zoe Angele Adele; Dittrich, Nils Maximilian; Gedde, Kristina Bringedal; Billy, Romain Guillaume; Mueller, Daniel Beat. (2024) Approaching building lifetimes and hazard rates through demolition patterns: Case studies for a historical city center. Journal of Industrial Ecology
    Academic article
  • Marhoon, Ahmed Mohamed Jaffar Marhoon A; Las Heras Hernandez, Miguel; Billy, Romain Guillaume; Mueller, Daniel Beat; Verones, Francesca. (2024) Mapping Plastic and Plastic Additive Cycles in Coastal Countries: A Norwegian Case Study. Environmental Science and Technology
    Academic article
  • Desing, Harald; Widmer, Rolf; Bardi, Ugo; Beylot, Antoine; Billy, Romain Guillaume; Gasser, Martin. (2023) Mobilizing materials to enable a fast energy transition: A conceptual framework. Resources, Conservation and Recycling
    Academic article
  • Aguilar Lopez, Fernando; Billy, Romain Guillaume; Mueller, Daniel Beat. (2023) Evaluating strategies for managing resource use in lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles using the global MATILDA model. Resources, Conservation and Recycling
    Academic article
  • Billy, Romain Guillaume; Mueller, Daniel Beat. (2022) Aluminium use in passenger cars poses systemic challenges for recycling and GHG emissions. Resources, Conservation and Recycling
    Academic article
  • Aguilar Lopez, Fernando; Billy, Romain Guillaume; Mueller, Daniel Beat. (2022) A product–component framework for modeling stock dynamics and its application for electric vehicles and lithium-ion batteries. Journal of Industrial Ecology
    Academic article
  • Billy, Romain Guillaume; Monnier, Louis; Nybakke, Even; Isaksen, Morten; Mueller, Daniel Beat. (2022) Systemic approaches for emission reduction in industrial plants based on physical accounting: example for an aluminium smelter . Environmental Science and Technology
    Academic article
  • Lauinger, Dirk; Billy, Romain Guillaume; Vasquez, Felipe; Mueller, Daniel Beat. (2021) A general framework for stock dynamics of populations and built and natural environments. Journal of Industrial Ecology
    Academic article
  • Roca Puigros, Marta; Billy, Romain Guillaume; Gerber, Andreas; Wäger, Patrick; Mueller, Daniel Beat. (2020) Pathways toward a carbon-neutral Swiss residential building stock. Buildings & Cities
    Academic article

Part of book/report

  • Mueller, Daniel Beat; Billy, Romain Guillaume; Simoni, Mark Uwe; Petavratzi, Evi; Liu, Gang; Rechberger, Helmut. (2023) Maps of the physical economy to inform sustainability strategies. Elsevier
    Chapter

Report

  • McNeil, Brent; Mueller, Daniel Beat; Aguilar Lopez, Fernando; Billy, Romain Guillaume. (2022) The complex nature of lithium extraction: A dynamic material flow analysis to understand supply constraints in the transition to electrified transport. NTNU Master thesis
    Masters thesis
  • Langhorst, Moritz; Schwotzer, Christian; Kaiser, Felix; Mueller, Daniel Beat; Billy, Romain Guillaume. (2022) Technology-explicit dynamic material flow analysis of the global aluminium cycle. RWTH Aachen Master's thesis
    Masters thesis
  • Cormery, Marceau; Mueller, Daniel Beat; Billy, Romain Guillaume; Mistry, Mark; Reck, Barbara K.. (2022) Global trade-linked nickel cycle. A Material Flow Analysis (MFA) study considering production and trade of nickel at the global and the country level. NTNU Master thesis
    Masters thesis
  • Genovesi, Sofia; Garofalo, Paolo S.; Mueller, Daniel Beat; Billy, Romain Guillaume; Aguilar Lopez, Fernando. (2022) Graphite for lithium-ion batteries: mineral analysis and global Material Flow Analysis. Master's thesis University of Bologna
    Masters thesis
  • Billy, Romain Guillaume; Mueller, Daniel Beat; Cullen, Jonathan. (2022) Monitoring and simulating material cycles and emissions at multiple scales: Case studies for aluminium. Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet Doctoral theses at NTNU
    Doctoral dissertation
  • Young, Eric; Mueller, Daniel Beat; Aguilar Lopez, Fernando; Billy, Romain Guillaume; Petavratzi, Evi; Reck, Barbara K.. (2021) Battery Nickel Bottlenecks: A material flow analysis of the impacts the energy transition will have on the nickel supply system. NTNU Master's thesis
    Masters thesis

Information material

  • Lopez, Fernando; Billy, Romain Guillaume; Müller, Daniel Beat; Birkeland , Terese; Torjesen, Stina. (2022) Towards an EU Battery Regulation 2.0?.
    Briefs
  • Billy, Romain Guillaume; Birkeland , Terese; Müller, Daniel Beat; Lopez, Fernando; Torjesen, Stina. (2022) Lithium in the EV battery expansion: How bad is the supply constraint?.
    Briefs
  • Billy, Romain Guillaume; Birkeland , Terese; Müller, Daniel Beat; Lopez, Fernando; Torjesen, Stina. (2022) Reducing the carbon footprint of battery materials - a case of problem shifting?.
    Briefs

Teaching

Courses

  • EP8122 - Materialstrømanalyse (MFA1)
  • TEP4290 - Det bygde miljø: Dynamikk og klimaendring (MFA2)

Outreach

2024

  • Academic lecture
    Barre, Francis Isidore; Billy, Romain Guillaume; Aguilar Lopez, Fernando; Mueller, Daniel Beat. (2024) Meeting an escalating Lithium-Ion Battery demand: Global Graphite Supply-Demand Scenarios. IRTC IRTC24: Raw materials in a changing world , Turin, Italy 2024-02-21 - 2024-02-23
  • Academic lecture
    Billy, Romain Guillaume; Langhorst, Moritz; Schwotzer, Christian; Kaiser, Felix; Mueller, Daniel Beat. (2024) Feedback loops in the Material-Energy-Transport nexus - Examples for aluminium and the case for low-demand transition scenarios. Jönköping University 18th Society and Materials Conference , Jönköping 2024-05-14 - 2024-05-14
  • Poster
    Billy, Romain Guillaume; McNeil, Brent; Aguilar Lopez, Fernando; Petravatzi, Evi; Mueller, Daniel Beat. (2024) Limited lithium supply is likely to slow down the transition to electrified transport. Gordon Research Conference Gordon Research Conference on Industrial Ecology , Les Diablerets, Switzerland 2024-01-26 - 2024-05-31

2023

  • Academic lecture
    Langhorst, Moritz; Billy, Romain Guillaume; Schwotzer, Christian; Kaiser, Felix; Mueller, Daniel Beat. (2023) Modelling the transition towards a low-carbon global aluminium cycle with technology-explicit material flow analysis. International Society for Industrial Ecology 11th International Conference on Industrial Ecology (ISIE2023) , Leiden 2023-07-02 - 2023-07-05
  • Poster
    Billy, Romain Guillaume; Mueller, Daniel Beat. (2023) Industrial Ecology in fictional worlds: The spice and water cycles on the planet Arrakis from Frank Herbert’s Dune. International Society for Industrial Ecology ISIE2023 - 11th International Conference on Industrial Ecology , Leiden, Netherlands 2023-07-02 - 2023-07-05
  • Academic lecture
    Aguilar Lopez, Fernando; Billy, Romain Guillaume; Mueller, Daniel Beat. (2023) Evaluating strategies for reducing material use in lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles . International Society for Industrial Ecology ISIE2023 - 11th International Conference on Industrial Ecology , Leiden, Netherlands 2023-07-02 - 2023-07-05
  • Academic lecture
    Billy, Romain Guillaume; McNeil, Brent; Aguilar Lopez, Fernando; Mueller, Daniel Beat. (2023) Limited lithium supply is likely to slow down the electrification of the transport sector. International Society for Industrial Ecology ISIE2023 - 11th International Conference on Industrial Ecology , Leiden, Metherlands 2023-07-02 - 2023-07-05
  • Poster
    Cord'homme, Zoé; Dittrich, Nils Maximilian; Gedde, Kristina Bringedal ; Billy, Romain Guillaume; Mueller, Daniel Beat. (2023) Building lifetime in historical city centers. Case study of Trondheim, Norway. NTNU Sustainability Under construction: Circularity in the built environment , Trondheim 2023-11-27 - 2023-11-28
  • Academic lecture
    Billy, Romain Guillaume; Mueller, Daniel Beat. (2023) Applying industrial ecology methods to fictional words - The spice and water cycles on the planet Arrakis from Frank Herbert’s Dune. SAM Society 17th Society and Materials Conference , Karlsruhe, Germany 2023-05-09 - 2023-05-10
  • Lecture
    Billy, Romain Guillaume; Monnier, Louis; Mueller, Daniel Beat. (2023) Fostering a low-carbon circular economy: Insight from top-down and bottom-up material flow accounting models. Aluminium Stewardship Initiative (ASI) ASI 45 minutes on webinars , Virtual 2023-10-17 - 2023-10-17
  • Academic lecture
    Young, Eric Edward Cameron S Dun; Billy, Romain Guillaume; Aguilar Lopez, Fernando; Mueller, Daniel Beat. (2023) The battery demand for nickel creates supply bottlenecks and problem shifts, and increasing emissions . International Society for Industrial Ecology ISIE2023 - 11th International Conference on Industrial Ecology , Leiden, Netherlands 2023-07-02 - 2023-07-05
  • Lecture
    Billy, Romain Guillaume; Aguilar Lopez, Fernando; Young, Eric Edward Cameron S Dun; Cormery, Marceau Jean-Paul Christian; McNeil, Brent; Mueller, Daniel Beat. (2023) Modelling the effects of transport electrification on mineral supply chains. Climate Compatible Growth (CCG) CCG Modelling Transport Demand Workshop , Paris, France 2023-03-28 - 2023-03-28

2022

  • Academic lecture
    Billy, Romain Guillaume; Mueller, Daniel Beat. (2022) The transformation of the passenger car market - Effects on the demand for aluminium and its carbon footprint. Industrial Society for Industrial Ecology 14th ISIE Socio-Economic Metabolism section conference , Vienna 2022-09-19 - 2022-09-21
  • Academic lecture
    Billy, Romain Guillaume; Young, Eric Edward Cameron S Dun; Cormery, Marceau; McNeil, Brent; Aguilar Lopez, Fernando; Mueller, Daniel Beat. (2022) Carbon footprint & circularity challenges for electric vehicles - Main outcomes from the BATMAN project. European Aluminium SALEMA Workshop - Driving sustainable aluminium: recycling and critical raw materials for aluminium alloys in e-mobility , Virtual 2022-11-08 - 2022-11-09
  • Academic lecture
    Billy, Romain Guillaume; Young, Eric Edward Cameron S Dun; Cormery, Marceau; Aguilar Lopez, Fernando; Mueller, Daniel Beat. (2022) Aluminium and Nickel uses in electric vehicles pose challenges for recycling and GHG emissions. SAM 16th Society And Materials Conference , Virtual 2022-11-08 - 2022-11-09
  • Lecture
    Billy, Romain Guillaume; Mueller, Daniel Beat; Aguilar Lopez, Fernando; Young, Eric Edward Cameron S Dun; McNeil, Brent; Cormery, Marceau Jean-Paul Christian. (2022) Introduction to Material Flow Analysis and applications to battery materials. HyProS Geminisenter (Hydrokjemisk prosessteknologi i den sirkulære økonomien) HyProS Geminisenter Seminar , NTNU Trondheim 2022-11-09 - 2022-11-09
  • Poster
    Aguilar Lopez, Fernando; Billy, Romain Guillaume; Müller, Daniel B.. (2022) Evaluating the strategies for managing resource use in lithium-ion batteries using the global MATILDA model . Gordon Research Conference 2022-06-13 - 2022-06-17
  • Academic lecture
    Aguilar Lopez, Fernando; Billy, Romain Guillaume; Müller, Daniel B.. (2022) Modelling approaches to product-component systems: A case study of electric vehicles and their batteries. International Society for Industrial Ecology - Socioeconomic Metabolism 2022-09-19 - 2022-09-21
  • Poster
    Billy, Romain Guillaume; Mueller, Daniel Beat. (2022) Aluminium in cars: highway for decarbonising the transport sector or new climate bottleneck?. Gordon Research Conference Industrial Ecology Gordon Research Conference , Sunday River, ME, USA 2022-06-12 - 2022-06-17
  • Academic lecture
    Aguilar Lopez, Fernando; Billy, Romain Guillaume; Müller, Daniel B.. (2022) Evaluating strategies for managing resource use in lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles using the global MATILDA model. Society and Materials Conference 2022-11-08 - 2022-11-09

2019

  • Academic lecture
    Billy, Romain Guillaume; Monnier, Louis; Nybbake, Even; Müller, Daniel; Mueller, Daniel Beat. (2019) Benefits of plant-level Substance Flow Analysis Application to carbon reporting in an aluminium smelter. International Society for Industrial Ecology ISIE 2019 , Beijing 2019-07-07 - 2019-07-11
  • Academic lecture
    Billy, Romain Guillaume; Mueller, Daniel Beat. (2019) The influence of stock dynamics on new technology penetration Effects on new technology development in Aluminium production. SAM13: Society And Materials International Conference , Pisa 2019-05-20 - 2019-05-21
  • Lecture
    Billy, Romain Guillaume; Mueller, Daniel Beat. (2019) Getting a vision through dynamic MFA: The aluminium case . European Aluminium Aluminum Innovation Hub Workshop , Trondheim 2019-06-12 - 2019-06-13
  • Academic lecture
    Billy, Romain Guillaume; Mueller, Daniel Beat. (2019) Feedbacks between in-use and technology stocks Effects on new technology development in Aluminium production . International Society for Industrial Ecology ISIE SEM 2019 , Berlin 2019-11-13 - 2019-11-15

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